ªð¦^­º­¶ | ªð¦^¥»®Ñ¥Ø¿ý |

 

§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¾É½×

 

§@ªÌ²¤¶

¶¾½®©[³Õ¤h

¶¾½®©[¡A¼sªFµf¬ë¤H¡A¤@¤E¤T¤C¦~¦b­»´ä¥X¥Í¡C

¥ý«á²¦·~©ó­»´ä¤j¾Ç¡]ºaÅA¤å¾Ç¤h¡A±M­×­^¤å¡^¡B­^°ê­Û´°¸t¸g¾Ç°|¡]ºaÅA¤å¾Ì¡^¡B­Û´°¤j¾Ç¡]¹D¾Ç¤h¡^¡B¬ü°êºÖ¼Ö¯«¾Ç°|¡]¯«¾ÇºÓ¤h¡^¤Î­^°ê°Ò¹ý´µ¯S¤j¾Ç¡]­õ¾Ç³Õ¤h¡^¡C

©ó¤»¹s¦~¥N´¿¥ô­»´ä«Å¹D®Ñ§½½s¿è³¡§U²z¡B°ê»Ú°ò·þ®{¾Ç¥ÍºÖ­µ¹Î«´»·ªF°Ï·F¨Æ¡B­»´ä¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|Á¿®v¡C¤@¤E¤C¤­¦~°_¥ô­»´ä¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|Á¿®v¡A¤K¤T¦~°_Âର¬ã¨s°|¤h­Ý¯S¬ùÁ¿®v

°£¤F½Ķ¤§§@¡B¾Ç³N©Ê¤å³¹¬ù¤z½g¡A¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ¥~¡A¥tµù¦³¡GÄÝ©ó¥»µùÄÀÂO®Ñ¤§¡mµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡n¡B¡m©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®Ñ¡n¡B¡m©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®Ñ¡n¡F¡mÀ¼¶}¥Í©R¤§»æ¢w¢w¸ô¥[¤­­Ó¿W¦³ªº¤ñ³ë¡n¡]­»´ä°ò¹D¡A¤Gª©1992¡^¡B¡m®¦½ç»P¨Æ©^¡G«Où¯«¾ÇÂIºw¡n¡]­»´ä¤Ñ¹D¡A¼W­qª©1988¡^¡B¡m¯u²z»P¦Û¥Ñ¡G¥[©Ô¤Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¡n¡]­»´äÃÒ¹D¡A¼W­qª©1987¡^¡B¥H¤ÎThe Epistle to the Galatians¡]NICNT¡FGrand Rapids¡GEerdmans¡A1988)¡C

 

§@ªÌ§Ç

§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥i¯à¬Oµ§ªÌ¦b¯«¾Ç°|©M±Ð·|¤¤Á¿±Â©ÎÁ¿¸Ñ±o³Ì¦hªº¤@¨÷®Ñ¡G¦b±Ð·|¤è­±¡Aµ§ªÌ´¿¦b·í¦~¡]1966¦~¡^©ÒÄݱз|¤@³s¦êªº¥D¤éÁ¿¹D»E·|¤¤Á¿§¹¾ã¨÷®Ñ¡A¤Q¦~«á¤S¦b¥t¤@±Ð·|ªº­^¤å³¡¦¨¤H¥D¤é¾ÇÁ¿¸Ñ­C¿q°ò·þ¬°²½¥qªºÃD¥Ø¡Aªñ¦~¶¡¡]1990¡^¥ç´¿³sÄò¤»­Ó¤ë¹j¶g¦b©ÒÄݱз|ªº¬d¸g¤p²Õ»E·|¤¤Á¿¸Ñ¥þ®Ñ¡C¦b¯«¾Ç°|¤è­±¡Aµ§ªÌªì¦b¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|¥ô±Ð®É¡]1967-1969¦~¡^¡A©Ò­n­t³d±Ð±Âªº¬ì¥Ø¤§¤@´N¬O¡u§Q¥¼°O¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡F¨ä«á©ó¤@¤E¤K¡³¦Ü¤K¤G¦~¶¡¡A´¿¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡v®Õ¥»³¡Á¿±Â§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¨â¦¸¡A¤S¦b©µ¦ù³¡Á¿±Â¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº«H®§»P¯«¾Ç¡v¢w¢w¸Ó¦¸¦³¤@¦Ê¤K¤Q¤H³øŪ¡A¬Oµ§ªÌ±Ð¾Ç¥Í²P¤¤ªº¤@¶µ°O¿ý¡I¤@¤E¤K¤E¦~©³¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v²æ½Z«á¦Ü¤µ¡A¨ä¶¡´X¥G¥|¦~ªºµ´¤j³¡¤À®É¶¡¡A´N¬O§ë¸ê¦b¼¶¼g¥»µùÄÀ¤W¡C

¾Ú»¡¡AµÛ¦Wªº·s¬ù¾ÇªÌ¿àºÖ¯S1¥D±Ð´¿µ¹¤©¥Lªº¤@­Ó¾Ç¥Í³o¼Ëªº©¾§i¡G§A­Y­n¼g¤@¥»Ãö©ó¬YÃD¥Øªº®Ñ¡A´N­n§â¦³Ãö¸ÓÃD¥Øªº©Ò¦³µÛ§@¬Ý§¹¡I2µ§ªÌ¥²¶·©Ó»{¡A³o¬O¦Û¤vµLªk¹F¨ìªº²z·Q¡A¦b³o¤è­±¥u¯à¶q¤O¦Ó¬°¡F­Y¥H¥»µùÄÀªº°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¸ò¡]Á|¨Ò»¡¡^·sªñ¨â¥»­^¤åªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀªº®Ñ¥Ø¬Û¤ñ¡A3Ãø§K¦³¤p§Å¨£¤j§Å¤§·P¡CÁöµM¦p¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¤´­n¦V¡u¤¤¯«¡vªº¦P¤u±i²¤ªª®v­PÁ¡G¥LºB´n¦a§â¤j¬ù¤@¦Ê¤­¤Q¥÷ªº¤å³¹¼v¦L¥»­Éµ¹µ§ªÌ°Ñ¦Ò¡A¦Óµ§ªÌ¤@­É´N¬OÀY§À¥|¦~¡Iµ§ªÌ¤]°J¤ß·PÁ¦P¤u®]²Q³ß¥ý¥Í¡G¥L­Éµ¹µ§ªÌ¤@³¡¥ý¶iªº¹q¸£¦C¦L¾÷¡A¨Ïµ§ªÌ¥i¥H§â¦s©ó¹q¸£ªº¨º³¡¤À¤å½Z¶¶§Q¦L¥X¡Cµ§ªÌ¦b¨Ï¥Î¹q¸£ªº¨Æ¤W²{¤µ¤´¬O­Ó¡u¶WÄÖªº¥®¸X¶é¹w¯Z¥Í¡v¡A¦b¶}©l¾Ç¥Î¹q¸£¦Ü¤µ³o¨â¦~¶¡¡A¹ð¦¸³Ò·Ð¦h¦ì¡u¤¤¯«¡v¦P¤u¤Îµ§ªÌ±Ð·|ªº©P°êªL§Ì¥Sµ¹¤©«ü¾É©ÎÀ°§U¡AÂÔ¦b¦¹¦V¥L­Ì¤@¨Ö­PÁ¡C

Ãö©ó¥»µùÄÀ¡AÁÙ¦³´XÂI­nµy§@¥æ¥N¡G¡]¤@¡^¡u¤W«Ò¡v»P¡u¯«¡v¦b·N«ä¤W¨ÃµL¤À§O¡A¤G¦rªº¥Îªk¦³®É¬O¦]À³µÛ­è¤Þ¥Îªº¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªºÄ¶ªk¡A¦³®É¬O¬°¤F¸û¦nªº¥yªkªº½t¬G¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¡u¤W«Ò¤l¥Áªº¡K¡K¡v¦ü¥G³Ó©ó¡u¯«ªº¤l¥Áªº¡K¡K¡v¡^¡A¦³®É¬Æ¦Ü¥¼¸g¯S§Oªº«ä¦Ò¡C¡]¤G¡^¦L¥X¸g¤å®É¡A¬ùªº¤Þ¥y³£¬O«ö·Ó§Æþ¤å¸t¸gªº¤À¦æªk¡F¦¹ÂI¥i°Ñ·sĶ¥»¤Î²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªº°µªk¡C¡]¤T¡^¤@¸`¸g¤å­Y¤À¬°¤G©Î§ó¦h³¡¤À¡Aa¡Bb¡Bcµ¥¦r¥À©Ò¥Nªíªº¬O­ì¤åªº¦¸§Ç¡A¤¤Ä¶¥»ªº¦¸§Ç¦³®É¤£¦P¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤@4¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^²¼gªíªº­^¤å³¡¤À¥»¨­¥ç¤À¬°¤G¡G¥ý¬O¤@¯ëªº¶µ¥Ø¡AµM«á¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤Î§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº±MÃD¬ã¨s¡C°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Øªº¡u¤A³¡¡G­^¤å®Ñ¥Z¡v¤]·Ó¼Ë¤@¤À¬°¤G¡G¥ý¬O®Ñ¦W©Î¤å³¹ÃD¥Ø¤¤¦³´£¤Î¸g¤å³¹¸`ªº¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¡AµM«á¬O¨ä¥Lªº¡C¡]¤­¡^¥»µùÄÀ¨S¦³§Æþ¦rµü¯Á¤Þ¡]¦¹ÂI»P¨ä©n©f§@¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡B¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e¡þ«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¤£¦P¡^¡A¦]¬°§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤ñ¸Ó¤T¨÷ªº«Où®Ñ«Hªø¦h¤F¡AµùÄÀ¥»¨­ªº½g´T¥ç¤w¤£¤Ö¡A¦ü¥G¤£¾A©y¦Aªþ¥[³oºØ¡u°ø¨×«~¡v¡C§ó¦óªp¦ãÆF°¶ªºµùÄÀ¤w´£¨Ñ¤F§Æþ¦rµü¯Á¤Þ¡A4¦Ó¥B¥Lªº¦rµü¬ã¨sªº½d³ò¤ñµ§ªÌ©Ò¯à¯A¤Îªº§ó¼s¡C¡]¤»¡^¥»µùÄÀºÉ¶q¦b¦U¤j¬q¡]¦p¤jºõªº¡G³ü¡B¶L¡^¤Î¤À¬q¡]¦p¡G¤@¡B¤G¡^¤§«e´£¨Ñ¸Ó¬qªºµ²ºc©Î¤º®e¤ÀªR¡AŪªÌ­Y¦b¾\Ū¨C¸`ªº°Q½×¤§¥ý©Î¦P®É¡A¦A¦¸°Ñ¦Ò³o¨Ç¤ÀªR¡A¥i¦³§U©óÁ×¥h¡u¥u¨£¾ð¤ì¡B¤£¨£´ËªL¡vªº¦MÀI¡C5¥h¦~¦¬¨ì¤@¦ì¥ô±Ð·|¶Ç¹Dªº¡u¤¤¯«¡v®Õ¤Íªº«H¡A¥Lªí¥Ü¡u²`²`·P¨ü¨ì¤@¥»­º§À³e¹ý¡B¥BÄÄÄÀ¸ÔºÉ¡A¤S¯à¦X²z¸ÑÄÀ¨ä¤¤¡K¡KªºÄµ§iµ¥ªºÄÀ¸g®Ñ¡A¹ê¦b¦³²ö¤jªº»Ý­n¡v¡C¥»µùÄÀ¯à§_º¡¨¬¤W­zªº»Ý¨D¡A¥u¯à¯d«ÝŪªÌ¦Û¤v¥h§PÂ_¡Fµ§ªÌ¥u¬OºÉ¤F´Ö¤O¡A¦b¥»¨­ªººØºØ­­¨î¤U±µ¨ü¤F§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤§¬ã¨sªº¬D¾Ô¡C6µL½×¦p¦ó¡A¾aµÛ¤W«Òªº®¦¨å¡A¥»µùÄÀ²×©ó§¹¦¨¤F¡F¬°¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¦V¯«Äm¤W·PÁ¡A¤]¦hÁ´¿¬°µ§ªÌë§iªº¥D¤ºªÏÅé¡C¤º¤l»Pµ§ªÌ¦P¨«¤H¥Í¸ô¤w¾ú¤Ü¤­¸ü¡A¨Ã¥B¤@ª½¤ä«ùµ§ªÌ¥þ¾¨Æ©^ªº¨M©w¡F¡u¤¤¯«¡vÄ~Äò´£¨Ñ¤è«Kªº¼g§@Àô¹Ò¡F³o¨Ç³£¬Oµ§ªÌ¥¼´±§ÑÃhªº®¦¨å¡C¬è¬ß¥»µùÄÀ¯àÀ°§U§ó¦hªºµØ¤H«H®{»{ÃÑ©MªY½à§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¿W¯Sªº«H®§¡A§óÄ@¤W«ÒÀ°§U§Ú­Ì¥þ¤ß­Ê¿à§Ú­Ì¤j²½¥q­C¿q°ò·þªºÂ¾¨Æ¡A§Y¨Ï¦b±wÃø»P¹G­¢¤¤¡A¤´µM°í¦u©Ò«H¡A¦VµÛ§Ú­Ì¤Ñ¤W¨º¡u§ó¬üªº®a¶m¡v¡]¤Q¤@16¡^¡A´N¬O¡u¯«©Ò¸gÀç©Ò«Ø³yªº¡v¡]¤Q¤@10¡^¡u¨º±N¨Óªº«°¡v¡]¤Q¤T14¡^ÁÚ¶i¡C

¶¾½®©[ÂÔ»x

¤@¤E¤E¤T¦~¡@¤Q¤ë¤G¤é

­»´ä¡@¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|

 

1 J. B. Lightfoot (1828-1889). Cf. R. E. Nixon¡ANIDCC 596.

2 See ExpT 104 (1992-93) 128a.

3 Ellingworthªº®Ñ¥Øªø¹F¤C¤Q¤­­¶(xxiv-xcviii)¡F°ÑLane II¦U¤À¬q¤§«eªº®Ñ¥Ø¡C

4 See Ellingworth 757-64.

5 Cf. Lane II xii.

6 °Ñ­ð¦ö¤§¡G¡u±Ð·|¤§Áô¼~»P¬D¾Ô¡G¡]¤G¡^¯«¦X¥Îªº¤u¤H¡v¡A¡uª÷¿O»O¡v²Ä¤Q¤K´Á¡]88.11¡^¡G¡uµØ¤H±Ð·|ªºÁô¼~¡A¬O¯Ê¤Ö¸t¸g¬ã¨sªº¤u¤H¡C³oÁô¼~¤]À³¦¨¬°¬D¾Ô¡A¨Ï®É¥N¤u¤H­«·sµÛ­«¸t¸g¯u²z¡A¦X¥G¥D¥Î¡v¡]¸Ó¤åµ²»y¡^¡C

 

²¼gªí

¦êÄÀ              ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w¦ê¯]¡EµùÄÀ¥»¡v¡]­»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|½s¼¶¡AÃÒ¹D¥Xª©ªÀ¥Xª©¡F·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1984¡A¬ù¥þ®Ñ1986¡A·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1987¡^

©M¦X              ¡u·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ¡v¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|¡F²{¥N¼ÐÂI²Å¸¹·s¬ù¥þ®Ñ1978¡^

«ä°ª              ¡u¸t¸g¡v¡]­»´ä«ä°ª¸t¸g¾Ç·|1968¡^

²{¤¤              ¡u¸t¸g¢w¢w²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡v¡]­»´ä¸t¸g¤½·|1980¡^

·í¸t              ¡u·í¥N¸t¸g¡v¡]­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1979¡^

·sĶ              ¡u¸t¸g·sĶ¥»¢w¢wÂQ¾Éª©¡v¡]­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1992¡^

²©ú              ¡u·s¬ù§Æº~²©ú¦r¨å¡v¡]Áp¦X¸t¸g¤½·|1989¡^

¥v                ¥v§B¸ÛµÛ¡G¡u±æÂ_¥H¤Î©ó­C¿q¡]§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ²¤¸Ñ¡^¡v¡]¥x¥_¨£ÃҮѫÇ1973¡^

¥q­}¥Á            ¥q­}¥ÁµÛ¡@³¯°¶©úĶ¡G¡u¥½¤Fªº¸Ü¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ·sÆ[¡v¡]­»´äºØ¬ó1980¡^

§õ\cs16           §õ±`¨üµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥Í©RŪ¸g¡v¡]¥xÆWºÖ­µ®Ñ©Ð1984¡^

°¨                °¨¦³Ä¦µÛ¡G¡uµS¤Ó¤HªººÖ­µ¡G§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¸àÄÀ¡v¡]­»´ä°ò¹D1991¡^

³¯¥É¬Â            ³¯¥É¬ÂµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ²LÄÀ¡v¡]­»´ä³¯°¶±X1966/1971¡^

¶À                ¶À©¼±oµÛ¡G¡u»{ÃѵL¤ñªº°ò·þ¡v¡]¦L¥§º¿²wªF«n¨È¸t¹D¯«¾Ç°|1991/1992¡^

³¯«h«H            ³¯«h«HµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤¤¤ßªº«H®§¡v¡]­»´ä°ò·þ®{¥Xª©ªÀ1981¡^

³Á¬_¤D            ³Á¬_¤DµÛ¡@§d²×·½Ä¶¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡]¥xÆW¥ú±Ò1976¡^

³¯²×¹D            ³¯²×¹DµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]­×­qª©¡A­»´ä«Å¹D1973¡^

±dº¸§B            ±dº¸§BµÛ¡@§f²ÐºÝĶ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºÅ«¸oÆ[¡v¡]­»´ä«H¸q©vÁp¦X¥Xª©ªÀ¡A¤é´Á¤£¸Ô¡^

¸ë                ¸ë¥É»ÊµÛ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡v¡]¥xÆW°ò·þ±Ð¤Ñ¤HªÀ1969¡^

¼¯®Ú              §¢§B¡E¼¯®ÚµÛ¡@±i¥@¿Å¡þÁé¶V®RĶ¡G¡u§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡]¬ü°ê¬¡¬u1990¡^

¼}                ¼}¦w±o¯PµÛ¡G¡u¦Ü¸t©Ò¡]§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ¿¸q¡^¡v¡]­»´ä¤¤µØ¯«¾Ç°|1955/1963¡^

AB                               Anchor Bible

AJBA                           Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology

AJT                              Asia Journal of Theology

AnBib                          Analecta Biblica

AUSS                           Andrews University Seminary Studies

AV                               Authorized (King James) Version

BAGD                         W. Baur - W. F. Arndt - F. W. Gingrich - F.W. Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1979)

BDF                             F. Blass - A. Debrunner - R. W. Funk, A Greek Grammer of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature (Chicago 1961/1967)

Bib                               Biblica

BibT                             Biblical Theology

BibTrans                      The Bible Translator

BJRL                            Bulletin of John Rylands University Library of Manchester

BNTC                          Black's New Testament Commentaries

BR                               Biblical Research

BS                                Bibliotheca Sacra

BTB                             Biblical Theology Bulletin

BZ                                Biblische Zeitschrift

CBQ                            Catholic Biblical Quarterly

CBQMS                       Catholic Biblical Quarterly Monograph Series

CBSC                          Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

CJT                             Canadian Journal of Theology

Concordance               Concordance to the Novum Testamentum Graece (3rd ed.; Berlin and New York 1987)

CTJ                             Calvin Theological Journal

CTM                            Concordia Theological Monthly

Dana-Mantey               H. E. Dana - J. R. Mantey, A Manual Grammer of the Greek New Testament (New York 1927/1955)

EAJT                           East Asia Journal of Theology

EBD                             Eerdmans Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. A. C. Myers (Grand Rapids 1987/1989)

EDNT                          Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, ed H. Balz and G. Schneider (3 vols; Grand Rapids 1990-93)

EGT                            The Expositor's Greek Testament, ed W. R. Nicoll (5 vols; Grand Rapids, 1961 reprint)

EQ                               Evangelical Quarterly

ERT                             Evangelical Review of Theology

E. T.                             English Translation

ExpT                           Expository Times

FS                                Festschrift

GNS                            Good News Studies

GTJ                             Grace Theological Journal

HeyJ                            Heythrop Journal

HNTC                         Harper's New Testament Commentaries [=American version of BNTC]

HTR                             Harvard Theological Review

IBD                              Illustrated Bible Dictionary, rev. ed. N. Hillyer (3 parts; Leicester 1980)

IBS                               Irish Biblical Studies

IDB/IDBS                     The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, ed G. A. Buttrick et al. (4 vols; New York 1962; supplementary volume 1976)

Idiom                           C. F. D. Moule, An Idiom-Book of New Testament Greek (2nd ed.; Cambridge 1959/1968)

Int                                Interpretation

ISBER                          The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, ed G. W. Bromiley et al. (fully revised, 4 vols; Grand Rapids 1979-88)

IVPNTCS                    Inter-Varsity Press New Testament Commentary Series

JBL                              Journal of Biblical Literature

JETS                            Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society

JSNT                           Journal for the Study of the New Testament

JSNTSS                       Journal for the Study of the New Testament Supplement Series

JSOTSS                       Journal for the Study of the Old Testament Supplement Series

JTS                              Journal of Theological Studies

LN                               J. P. Louw - E.A. Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains (2 vols; New York 1988/1989)

LSJ                              A Greek-English Lexicon, by H. G. Liddell and R. Scott, 9th edition revised by H. S. Jones (Oxford 1940/1976)

LXX                            Septuaginta, ed A. Rahlfs (2 vols; Stuttgart 1965)

MBS                            Message of Biblical Spirituality

Metzger                        B. M. Metzger, A Textual Commentary on the Greek New Testament (London and New York 1971)

MHT                            J. H. Moulton - W. F. Howard - N. Turner, A Grammar of New Testament Greek (4 vols; Edinburgh 1906-76)

MM                             J. H. Moulton - G. Milligan, The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (London 1930/1972)

Moods and Tenses       E. D. Burton, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek (Grand Rapids, 1973 reprint)

MT                              Masoretic Text

NASB                          New American Standard Bible

NBCR                         New Bible Commentary Revised, ed D. Guthrie et al. (London 1970)

NCBC                         New Century Bible Commentary

NDT                            New Dictionary of Theology, ed S. B. Ferguson and D. F. Wright (Leicester and Downers Grove 1988)

Nestle-Aland                Nestle-Aland, Greek-English New Testament (26th rev.ed; Stuttgart n.d.)

NEB                            New English Bible

Neot                            Neotestamentica

NIBC                           New International Biblical Commentary

NICNT                        New International Biblical Commentary on the New Testament

NIDCC                        New International Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed J. D. Douglas et al. (Exeter 1974)

NIDNTT                      New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology, ed C Brown (E.T., 3 vols; Grand Rapids 1975-78)

NIGTC                        New International Greek Testament Commentary

NIV                             New International Version

NIVSB                         The NIV Study Bible, ed K. Barker et al. (Grand Rapids 1985)

NLCNT                       New London Commentary on the New Testament

NovT                           Novum Testamentum

NS/n.s.                         New series

NTA                             New Testament Abstracts

NTM                           New Testament Message

NTS                             New Testament Studies

NTTS                          New Testament Tools and Studies

PTR                             Princeton Theological Review

QR                               Quarterly Review

RestQ                           Restoration Quarterly

RevExp                        Review and Expositor

RSV                             Revised Standard Version

RTR                             Reformed Theological Review

RV                               Revised Version

SBET                           Scottish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology

SBL (MS)                    Society of Biblical Literature (Monograph Series)

SBT                             Studies in Biblical Theology

SuppNovT                   Supplements to Novum Testament

SWJT                           Southwestern Journal of Theology

TD                               Theology Digest

TDNT                          Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, ed G. W. Bromiley (E.T., 9 vols; Grand Rapids 1964-74), with index (10th) volume by R. E. Pitkin (1976)

TDNTA                        Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, abridged in one volume by G. W. Bromiley (Gramd Rapids 1985)

TDOT                          Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, d G. J. Botterweck and H. Ringgren (E.T., 6 vols to date; 1974-90)

Thayer                          J. H. Thayer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, translated, revised and enlarged from Grimm's Wilke's Clavis Novi Testamenti (New York n.d.)

TNTC                          Tyndale New Testament Commentary

TOTC                          Tyndale Old Testament Commentary

TrinJ                            Trinity Journal

TToday                        Theology Today

TynB                            Tyndale Bulletin

TU                               Texte und Untersuchungen

VE                               Vox Evangelica

Verbal Aspect              S. E. Porter, Verbal Aspect in the Greek of the New Testament, with Reference to Tense and Mood (Studies in Biblical Greek, vol. 1; New York 1989)

WBC                           Work Biblical Commentary

WTJ                             Westminster Theological Journal

Zerwick                        M. Zerwick, Biblical Greek (E.T.; Rome 1963)

A. B. Bruce                 A. B. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews: The First Apology for Christianity (1899; Minneapolis, 1980 reprint)

Archer                          G. L. Archer, Jr., The Epistle to the Hebrews: A Study Manual (Grand Rapids 1957/1974)

Attridge I                      H. W. Attridge, 'Hebrews', in Harper's Bible Commentary, ed J. L. Mays et al. (San Francisco 1988), 1259-71

Attridge II                    H. W. Attridge, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Hermeneia; Philadephia 1989)

Barclay I                      W. Barclay, Epistle to the Hebrews (Bible Guides 20; London and New York 1965)

Barclay II                     W. Barclay, The Letter to the Hebrews (Daily Study Bible; rev. ed.; Philadelphia 1976)

Bourke                         M. M. Bourke, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', in The New Jerome Biblical Commentary, ed R. E. Brown et al. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ 1990), 920-41

Bowman                       J. W. Bowman, Hebrews, James I & II Peter (London 1963)

Brown                          R. Brown, Christ Above All: The Message of Hebrews (Leicester 1982)

Bruce I                         F. F. Bruce, 'Hebrews', in Peake's Commentary on the Bible, ed M. Black and H. H. Rowley (London 1962/1967), 1008-19

Bruce II                        F. F. Bruce, Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (NLCNT; London 1964)

Bruce III                      F. F. Bruce, The Epistle to the Hebrews (NICNT; Grand Rapids 1990)

Buchanan                     G. W. Buchanan, To the Hebrews (AB 36; Garden City 1972/1978)

Calvin                           J. Calvin, The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews and the First and Second Epistles of St. Peter (E.T., Edinburgh 1963)

Casey                           J. Casey, Hebrews (NTM 18; Wilmington, DE 1980/1987)

Cheung                         L. L. Cheung, 'Faith in Hebrews' (unpublished M.Th. thesis, Australian College of Theology 1990)

D'Angelo                      M. R. D'Angelo, Moses in the Letter to the Hebrews (SBLDS 42; Missoula 1979)

Dods                            M. Dods, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', EGT 4.219-381

Ellingworth                   P. Ellingworth, Commentary on Hebrews (NIGTC; Grand Rapids 1993)

Ellingworth-Nida          P. Ellingworth - E. A. Nida, A Translator's Handbook on the Letter to the Hebrews (HFT; Stuttgart 1983)

Filson                           F. V. Filson, 'Yesterday': A Study of Hebrews in the Light of Chapter 13 (SBT 2/4; London 1967)

Fuller                            R. H. Fuller, 'Hebrews', in Hebrews, James, 1 & 2 Peter, Jude, Revelation by R. H. Fuller et al. (Proclamation Commentaries; Philadelphia 1977)

G. B. Wilson                G. B. Wilson, Hebrews: A Digest of Reformed Comment (London 1970)

G. Hughes                    G. Hughes, Hebrews and Hermeneutics: The Epistle to the Hebrews as a New Testament example of biblical interpretation (SNTSMS 36; Cambridge 1979)

Gooding                       D. Gooding, An Unshakeable Kingdom: The Letter to the Hebrews for Today (2nd ed.; Leicester n.d.)

Guthrie                         D. Guthrie, The Letter to the Hebrews (TNTC; Leicester and Grand Rapids 1983)

Hagner                         D. A. Hagner, Hebrews (NIBC 14; Peabody, MA 1983/1990)

Hawthorne                   G. F. Hawthorne, 'Hebrews', in The International Bible Commentary, ed F. F. Bruce (rev. ed.; Grand Rapids 1986), 1500-32

Hewitt                          T. Hewitt, The Epistle to the Hebrews (TNTC; London 1960)

Hurst                            L. D. Hurst, The Epistle to the Hebrews: Its background of thought (SNTSMS 65; Cambridge 1990)

Isaacs                           M. E. Isaacs, Sacred Space: An Approach to the Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews (JSNTSS 73; Sheffield 1992)

Jewett                          R. Jewett, Letter to Pilgrims: A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (New Youk 1981)

Kasemann                    E. Kasemann, The Wandering People of God: An Investigation of the Letter to the Hebrews (E.T.; Minneapolis 1984)

Kistemaker                   S. J. Kistemaker, Exposition of the Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids 1984)

Lane I                          W. L. Lane, Call to Commitment: Responding to the Message of Hebrews (Nashville 1985)

Lane II                         W. L. Lane, Hebrews 1-8, Hebrews 9-13 (WBC 47A, 47B; Dallas 1991)

Lehne                           S. Lehne, The New Covenant in Hebrews (JSNTSS 44; Sheffield 1990)

Lindars                         B. Lindars, The Theology of the Letter to the Hebrews (Cambridge 1991)

McDonnell                   R. McDonnell, 'Hebrews', The Catholic Epistle & Hebrews (MBS 14; Wilmington, DE 1986) 79-115

Milligan                        G. Milligan, The Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews (1899; Minneapolis, 1978 reprint)

Moffatt                         J. Moffatt, The Epistle to the Hebrews (ICC; Edinburgh 1924/1979)

Motefiore                     H. W. Montefiore, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (BNTC; London 1964/1977)

Morgan                        G. C. Morgan, God's Last Word to Man: Studies in Hebrews (Grand Rapids, 1975 reprint)

Morris I                        L. Morris, 'Hebrews', in The Daily Commentary, co-ordinating editor A.E. Cundall (4 vols; London 1974), 4.357-99

Morris II                      L. Morris, 'Hebrews', in The Expositor's Bible Commentary, Vol. 12 ed. F. E. Gaebelein et al. (Grand Rapids 1981), 3-157

Morris III                     L. Morris, Hebrews (Bible Study Commentary; Grand Rapids 1983)

Nairne                          A. Nairne, The Epistle to the Hebrews (CBSC; London 1921)

P. E. Hughes                P. E. Hughes, A Commentary on the Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids 1977)

Peterson                       D. Peterson, Hebrews and Perfection: An Examination of the  Conception of Perfection in the Epistle to the Hebrews (SNTSMS 47; Cambridge 1982)

Pfitzner                         V. C. Pfitzner, Hebrews (ChiRho commentary; Adelaide 1979)

Purdy                           A. C. Purdy, 'The Epistle to the Hebrews', in The Interpreter's Bible, Vol. 11 ed G. A. Buttrick et al. (New York and Nashville 1955)m 575-763

R. McL. Wilson            R. McL. Wilson, Hebrews (NCBC; Grand Rapids and Basingstoke 1987)

Richards                       L. Richards, The Complete Christian: Insights for Life from the Book of Hebrews (Wheaton 1975/1976)

Schneider                     J. Schneider, The Letter to the Hebrews (E.T., Grand Rapids 1957)

Scholer                         J. M. Scholer, Proleptic Priests: Priesthood in the Epistle to the Hebrews (JSNTSS 49; Sheffield 1991)

Stedman                       R. C. Stedman, Hebrews (IVPNTCS; Downers Grove and Leicester 1992)

Stibbs                           A. M. Stibbs, 'Hebrews', in NBCR 1191-221

Swetnam                      J. Swetnam, Jesus and Isaac: A Study of the Epistle to the Hebrews in the Light of the Aqedah (AnBib 94; Rome 1981)

Synge                           F. C. Synge, Hebrews and the Scriptures (London 1959)

Thomas                        W. H. G. Thomas, Hebrews: A Devotional Commentary (Grand Rapids, 1975 reprint)

Vanhoye I                    A. Vanhoye, A Structured Translation of the Epistle to the Hebrews (E.T., Rome 1964)

Vanhoye II                   A. Vanhoye, Structure and Message of the Epistle to the Hebrews (E.T., Rome 1989)

Vos I                            G. Vos, 'Hebrews, the Epistle of the Diatheke', PTR 13 (1915) 587-632, 14 (1916)

Vos II                          G. Vos, The Teaching of the Epistle to the Hebrews, edited and re-written by J. G. Vos (Nutley, NJ 1977)

Westcott                      B. F. Westcott, The Epistle to the Hebrews (Grand Rapids, 1977 reprint)

 

¾É½×

«ö¸`¼Æ­pºâ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡]303¸`¡^¬Û·í©ó¥[©Ô¤Ó®Ñ¡BµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¤Î©«¼»ÅÞ¥§­{«á®ÑªºÁ`©M¡]149 + 104 +47 = 300¸`¡^¡C¥Ñ¦¹±À²z¡A¥»®Ñªº¾É½×³¡¤À¥ç¥i¥Hªø¹Fµ§ªÌªº¸Ó¤T¥»µùÄÀ®Ñªº¾É½×³¡¤ÀªºÁ`©M¢w¢w32 + 41 + 40 = 113­¶¡I¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b³s°¶·G1991¦~¥Xª©ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¤¤¡A¾É½×³¡¤À´N¦û¤F111­¶ªº½g´T¡]¦û¾É½×»P¸g¤åµùÄÀ¤§Á`©Mªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¤»±j¡^¡F1¦b1993¦~±µ¿æ¦Ó¨Óªº¥t¤@¹dÄm¤¤¢w¢w¦ãÆF°¶ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¢w¢w¾É½×³¡¤À¤]ªø¹F85­¶¡]¦û¤F¾É½×»P¸g¤åµùÄÀ¤§Á`©Mªº¦Ê¤À¤§¤Q¤@±j¡^¡C2¤£¹L¡A¥»µùÄÀªº¾É½×¤£·|¹³¤W­zªº¨â­Ó¨Ò¤l¨º»òªø¡A­ì¦]¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨â­Ó¡G¡]¤@¡^µ§ªÌ¯Ê¥F¨º¤G¦ìµùÄÀªÌªº¼s³Õª¾ÃÑ©M¾Ç¾i¡AµL±q®Äªk¥L­Ì¨º¼sªx©M²`¤Jªº°Q½×¡C¡]¤G¡^§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ©Ò¯A¤Îªº¾É½×°ÝÃD¡A´N¦p§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡BŪªÌ¬O½Ö¡B¥»®Ñ¼g©ó¦ó®É¦ó¦a¡B¼g§@ªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªºµ¥¡A´X¥G¥þ³¡¨S¦³ªÖ©w¡]§ó¹N½×¤½»{¡^ªºµª®×¡F¦b¦¹±¡ªp¤U¡A¸g¤åªº¸ÑÄÀ´N¤£·|¤Ó¨ü³o¨Ç°ÝÃDªºµª®×©Ò¥ª¥k¡A¦Ó¨âªÌ¬Û¤ñ¤§¤U¡A§@ªÌ«H®§ªº¤º®e»·¤ñ¾É½×°ÝÃDªº°Q½×­«­n¡C3¦]¦¹¡Aµ§ªÌ¤£¥´ºâµ¹¤©¾É½×³¡¤À¤Ó¦hªº½g´T¡A¤×¨ä¦]¬°µùÄÀ³¡¤À©Ò¦ûªº½g´T¤w¤£¤Ö¤F¡I4¥Ñ©ó¥»µùÄÀ±µ¨ü¥»®Ñ²Ä¤Q¤T³¹¬°§@ªÌ­ìµÛ¤@³¡¤Àªº¥ß³õ¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T1-6µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¡^¡A¦]¦¹¸Ó³¹ªº¤@¨Ç¸ê®Æ«K¥i¤Þ¥Î¬°¥i¥HÀ°§U§Ú­Ìªº°Q½×ªº¤ºÃÒ¡C

 

1 Lane II xlvii-clvii.

2 Ellingworth 1-85.

3 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GPurdy 594a¡FD. Guthrie¡AISBER 2.664a; R. McL. Wilson 253.

4 I. H. Marshall, The Gospel of Luke (NIGTC; Exeter 1978) ªº¾É½×¥u¦³¤K­¶¡]29-36¡^¡A¸g¤åµùÄÀ³¡¤À«h¬°872­¶¡]39-910¡^¡F¨£¸Ó®Ñ­¶29ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C

¥Ñ©óµ§ªÌ¤£¥´ºâ°Q½×¥»®Ñªº«ä·Q­I´ºªº°ÝÃD¡A¬G¦¹¦b³oùØ¥ý¹ï¦¹°ÝÃDµy§@¥æ¥N¡C«ä·Q­I´º©Ò¯A¤Îªº°ÝÃD¡A´N¬O®Ñ¤¤ªº«ä·Q©M½ÒÃD¬O¨Ó¦Û¦óºØ¤å¤Æ©Mª¾ÃÑÀô¹Òªº°ÝÃD¡C¹ï¦¹°ÝÃD¬ã¨s±o³Ì¸ÔºÉªº¡A¥iºâ¬OHurst¡]¨£Â²¼gªí¡^¡C¥L¨Ì¦¸°Q½×¤F¥H¤Uªº«D°ò·þ±Ð­I´º¢w¢w»pù¡B¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó©M¬f©Ô¹Ï¥D¸q¡]7-42¡Aµ²½×¨£41-42¡^¡F©øÄõªÀ¹Î¡]43-66¡Aµ²½×¨£65-66¡^¡F°ò·þ±Ð¤§«eªº¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸q¡]67-75¡Aµ²½×¨£74-75¡^¡F¼»º¿§Q¨È¤H¡]75-82¡Aµ²½×¨£\cs1582¡^¡FµS¤Ó¤HªºMerkabah¯«¯µ¥D¸q¡]82-85¡Aµ²½×¨£84-85¡^¡F¤Î¥H¤Uªº°ò·þ±Ð­I´º¢w¢w¥q´£¤Ïªº¶Ç²Î¡]89-106¡Aµ²½×¨£105-06¡^¡F«Où¯«¾Ç¡]107-24¡Aµ²½×¨£124¡^¡F©¼±o«e®Ñ¡]125-30¡Aµ²½×¨£130¡^¡C¥L³Ì«áªºµ²½×¬O¡G¼vÅT¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¬O¥H¤U¥|ºØ¤O¶q¡G¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¬Y¨Ç¬q¸¨¡F¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤C³¹©Ò«O¦sªº¨ººØ¹ï¬ùªº¥Îªk¡F»P¡u¹³«Où¡vªº¯«¾Çªº±µÄ²¡F¥H¤Î»PµS¤Ó±Ò¥Ü¤å¾Ç¬Y¨Ç¬Ýªkªº±µÄ²(131-33¡Aesp. 133)¡C«öLane II ciii-cxiiªº¤ÀªR¡A¼vÅT¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ³Ì²`ªº«ä·Q­I´º¡A´N¬O¦­´Áªº°ò·þ±Ð¶Ç²Î¡A¤×¨ä¬O³z¹L»¡§Æþ»yªº±Ð·|©Ò¶Ç»¼¤U¨Óªº¦­´Á°ò·þ±Ð¶Ç²Î(cxii).

 

³ü¡@§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ

§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¬O¤£¨ã¦Wªº§@«~¡C¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤G¸`ªº¡u²Ó»¡¡v¦b­ì¤å¬°³æ¼Æªº¶§©Ê¤Àµü¡A³oªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¬O­Ó¨k¤h¡C¦b·s¬ùªº©Ò¦³®Ñ¨÷¤¤¡A¥»®Ñ®i¥Ü¤F³ÌÀu¶®ªº§Æþ¤åÅé¡F§@ªÌÅãµM´¿¨ü§Æþ±Ð¨|¡]¥]¬AÃã¥O¾Ç¡^¡Bºë³q§Æþ¤å¡A¨Ã¥B¼ô±x§Æù¥@¬É¤@¯ëªº¤å¤ÆÀô¹Ò¡C1¥L§óºë³q¬ù¸t¸g¡A¤]¼ô±xµS¤Ó¤Hªº©v±Ð«ä·Q¡F¥LªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y³£¬O¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡C2¥Ñ¦¹±À½×¡A§@ªÌ·¥¥i¯à¬O»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡C¤£¹L¡A§@ªÌ¤£¬O¼»³£¸Ó¤H¡]©Î¼»º¿§Q¨È¤H¡^¡A¦]¬°¥L±µ¨ü¸Ö½g»P¼¯¦è¤­¸g¤@¼Ë¬°¸t¸gªº¤@³¡¤À¡C3§@ªÌ¬OŪªÌ©Ò»{ÃѪº¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡F¥L¥i¯à¬O»P´£¼¯¤Ó¦PÄÝ«Où°é¤lªº¤H¡]¨£¤Q¤T23µùÄÀ­º¬q¥½¡^¡C¹³ÅªªÌ¤@¼Ë¡A§@ªÌ¤£¬O­C¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¡A¦Ó¬O±q¤@¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùØ»â¨üºÖ­µªº¡]¤G3¡^¡C

¦Ü©ó§@ªÌ¸û·Ç½Tªº¨­¤À¡A¦ãÆF°¶«ü¥XÄÀ¸gªÌ¦@´£¨Ñ¤F¤£¤U¤Q¤T­Ó¤£¦Pªº¦W¦r¡A¨ä¤¤¤j¬ù¥b¼Æ¦³¨ä¥Lªº§@«~³Q»{¬°¬O¥X¦Û¥L­Ìªº¤âµ§¡F³o¨Ç¦W¦r¥]¬A«Où¡Bù°¨ªº­²§Q§K¡B¸ô¥[¡B¤Ú®³¤Ú¡B©¼±o¡]©Î¨ä¥Nµ§¤H¦è©Ô¡^¡BµS¤j¡B¥q´£¤Ï¡BµÌ§Q¡]®{¤»5¡^¡B¨È²z´µ´£¦w¡B¦Ê°ò©Ô¡]©M¨È©~©Ô¡^¡B°¨§Q¨È¡B¥H¤Ú¥±¡A©M¨Èªiù¡C4¥H¤U¿ï¨ú³¡¤Àªº¦W¦r²¤¥[°Q½×¡C

 

1 so Isaacs 46-47. Cf. Westcott xliv; 'The language of the Epistle is both in vocabulary and style purer and more vigorous than that of any other book of the N.T.'

2 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 37; Isaacs 48-49; Bruce III 15 n.61; McCullough, 'Research on Hebrews II' 28-31.

3 So Buchanan 263. ¼»º¿§Q¨È¤Hªº¸t¸g¥¿¨å¥u¥]¬A¼¯¦è¤­¸g(EBD 907a)¡A¼»³£¸Ó¤H«hµø¼¯¦è¤­¸g¬°¨ã¦³¿W¯SªºÅv«Â¡A¬O¬ù¨ä¥L³¡¤À©Ò¤£¤Îªº(EBD 902; W. J. Moulder¡AISBER 4.279b).

4 Cf. Ellingworth 3-21. ¦¹¥~ÁÙ¥i¥[¤W´£¼¯¤Ó(Attridge II 5a with n.41)¡B¨È©~©Ô(dods 229)¡A©M±Ò¥Ü¿ýªº§@ªÌ­C¸ô¼»§Nªº¬ù¿«(L. Herrmann, as reported in NTA ¡±12[1967-68]-990).

 

«Où

¦b²{¦sªº³Ì¦­¥]¬A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤@¤À¥j¨÷5ùØ¡A¥»®Ñ³Q¸m©ó«Oùªº®Ñ«H¤¤¡A©ñ¦bù°¨®Ñ¤§«á¡C³o­Ó¦ì¸m¤Ï¬M¤F¤G¥@¬ö¤¤¸­®ÉªF¤è±Ð·|¢w¢w§ó©ú½T¦a»¡¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|¢w¢w¹ï¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡]«Où¡^¤Î¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬¡]®Ñ«H¡^ªº¬y¦æ¬Ýªk¡C®Ú¾ÚÀu¦è¤ñ¯Q¡]¬ù265-¬ù339¡^ªº°O¸ü¡G¡]¤@¡^¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº­²§Q§K¡]¬ù155-¬ù220¡^»{¬°¡G¥»®Ñ¬O¥Ñ«Où¥H§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¼g¦¨¡AµM«á¥Ñ¸ô¥[Ķ¦¨§Æþ¤åªº¡F¥Ñ©ó¦¹«Hªº¹ï¶H¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì¹ï«Où¦s¦³°¾¨£ºÃ¤ß¡A¬G¦¹«Où´NÂÔ·V¦æ¨Æ¡A§â¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r¬Ù²¤¤£´£¡C¡]¤G¡^«X§Q®Ú¡]¬ù185-¬ù254¡^«h»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¨Ï®{«Oùªº¤@­Óªù®{§â«Oùªº«ä·Q¼g¤U¨Óªºµ²ªG¡F¦Ü©ó½Ö¼g¦¨¥»®Ñ¡A´N¥u¦³¤W«Ò¾å±o¤F¡C6ÁöµM­²§Q§K©M«X§Q®Ú³£¤£ª½±µ¥H«Où¬°¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¦ý¦b²Ä¤T¥@¬ö®É¡A«Où¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¦¹¬Ýªk¤w¬°ªF¤èªº±Ð·|´¶¹M±Ä¯Ç¡F¨È¥L®³­×¡]¬ù296-373¡^ªº²Ä¤Ê¤E¥÷¸`¤é¤å§i¡]367¡^¡A¦C¥X¤F«Oùªº¤Q¥|«Ê®Ñ«H¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Q©ñ¦b©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®Ñ©M´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¤§¶¡¡C7

¦è¤è±Ð·|¡]·N¤j§Q¤Î¥_«D¡^«h¤@ª½©Úµ´±µ¨ü«Où¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡Aª½¨ì¥|¥@¬ö¥½¸­¡A¤~¦b­C¬X¦Ì¡]¬ù345-¬ù419¡^©M¶ø¥j´µ¤B¡]354-430¡^ªº¼vÅT¤U§ïÅܤF¥¦ªº¥ß³õ¡C§Æ©Y¤j¤½·|ij¡]393¡^©M­{¤Ó°ò²Ä¤T¦¸¤j¤½·|ij¡]397¡^¡A¤´µM°Ï§O¡u¨Ï®{«Oùªº¤Q¤T«Ê®Ñ«H¡v©M¡u¦P¤@§@ªÌªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡v¡F¦ý­{¤Ó°ò²Ä¤»¦¸¤j¤½·|ij¡]419¡^¡A«h¦n¹³²z©Ò·íµM¦a´£¨ì«Oùªº¡u¤Q¥|«Ê®Ñ«H¡v¡C8¨ä¹ê¡A¶ø¥j´µ¤B©M­C¬X¦ÌÀH¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|¤§¥ý¨Ò©Ó»{¥»®Ñ¬°«Oùªº§@«~¡A¥D­n¤£¬O¦]¥L­Ì³Q¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ»¡ªA¡A¦Ó¬O¦]¬°¥H¥»®Ñ¬°¨Ï®{ªº§@«~¥i¥H«OÅ@¥»®Ñªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¡F¦]¬°¦b°ò·þ±Ðªº³Ìªì¼Æ­Ó¥@¬ö¤¤¡A¥¿¨å©M§@ªÌªº°ÝÃD±`©¼¦¹²o¯A¡A¥»®Ñ¤×¨ä¬O³o¼Ë¡C¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|±j½Õ¥¿¨åªº¤@­±¡A¬J»{¬°¥»®Ñ¡]¦]¨ä¥»¨­ªº¯À½è¡^À³³Q¦C¤J¥¿¨å¤§¤º¡A«K§â¥¦»P«Oùªº®Ñ«H¨Ã¦C¤@°_¡F¦è¤è±Ð·|«h±j½Õ§@ªÌªº¤@­±¡A¬J»{¬°¥»®Ñ¨Ã¤£¬O«Où©Ò¼g¡A«K¡]°_ªì¿ù»~¦a¡^§_»{¥¦ªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¡]¨ä¹ê¥»®Ñªº¥¿¨å¦a¦ì¤£¥²¨Ì¿à¥¦¬O«Oùªº§@«~¡^¡C³o´N¬O»¡¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥»¨­ªºÀu¶V©Ê½è¨Ï¥¦¤£¯à¤£³Q¯Ç¤J¥¿¨å¤§¤º¡A¦Ó¦ü¥G¦­´Á±Ð·|§â¥¦¯Ç¤J¥¿¨åªº³~®|¡A´N¬Oµ¹¥¦©Ü¤W¨Ï®{«Oùªº¥~¦ç¡I9

±q¤W­zªº¤j¤½·|ij®É°_¡A«Où¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¬Ýªk«K¦P¬°ªF¤è¤Î¦è¤è±Ð·|©Ò±µ¯Ç¡Aª½¦Ü©v±Ð§ï­²®É´Á¤~¥Ñ¥ì©Ô´µ©i¡B¸ô¼w¤Î¥[º¸¤åµ¥¤H¹ï¦¹¬Ýªk´£¥X½èºÃ¡C10ù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð¤§¤Ñ¯S·|ij¡]¤Ï§ï±Ð¹B°Êªº¥D­n¤u¨ã¡^©ó1546¦~¥|¤ë¤K¤é­«¥Ó§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¬O«Oùªº¤Q¥|«Ê®Ñ«H¤§¤@¡F¦ý¦¹¥ß³õ¨ì1914¦~³Q±Ð¬Ó©Ò¥ô©Rªº¸t¸g©e­û·|´î®z¤F¡G¥L­Ì¹ï¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ°ÝÃDªº§P¨M¬O¡A¤£¥²»{¬°¥»®Ñ²{¦bªº§Î¦¡¬O¨Ï®{«Où©Ò½á¤©ªº¡C11¦Û¦¹¥H«á¡A·U¨Ó·U¦hªºÃ¹°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð¾ÇªÌ¤]¬Û«H«Où¨Ã¤£¬O¡]³s¶¡±µ¦a¤]¤£¬O¡^¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¥»®Ñ¤D«Oùªº¤@­Óªù¥Í¤§§@¡C12«Où¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¦¹¤@¥ß³õ¡A¦b¤µ¤Ñªº¸t¸g¾Ç³N¬É¤¤¤w´¶¹M³Q±ó¦Ó¤£¯Ç¤F¡C13

ÁöµM¥»®Ñªº¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¦³¦h³B»P«Oùªº¯«¾Ç«ä·Q§k¦X¡A¨¬¥Hªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¬O«Où°é¤lªº¤@¤À¤l¡A14¦ý¥L·¥¤£¥i¯à¬O«Où¡A¦]¬°¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ¤£¦ý§¹¥þ¨S¦³ÁnºÙ¦Û¤v¦³¨Ï®{ªºÅv¬`¡A³s¦Û¤vªº¦W¦r¤]¨S¦³´£¤Î¡A³o°µªk§¹¥þ¤£¹³«Où¡C¡]¤G¡^¤G³¹¤T¸`ªí¥Ü¡A§@ªÌ¬O±q­C¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùØ»â¨üºÖ­µªº¡A³o»P«OùªºÁnºÙ¡]¥[¤@12¡GºÖ­µÁ{¨ì¥Lªº¤è¦¡¡A¬O¤W«Ò§â°ò·þ±Ò¥Üµ¹¥L15¡^­~²§¡C¡]¤T¡^¥»®Ñ¤Q¤ÀÀu¶®ªº¤åÅé©M«D±`¤u¾ãªº¥y¤lµ²ºc¡A¸ò«Où®Ñ«H¸û²ÊÁWªº¤åÅé¥ç¦³ÅãµÛªº¤À§O¡C16­Y¥»®ÑªºÅªªÌ¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡]¨£¤U¤å²Ä¤G¸`ªº°Q½×¡^¡A¦¹ÂI«K§ó¤£§Q©ó§@ªÌ¬O«Où¤§»¡¡G¬°¬Æ»ò«Où¥H³o»òÀu¶®ªº¤åÅé¼g«Hµ¹§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡A«o¦b¨ä¥Lªº®Ñ«H¥H¨º»ò²ÊÁWªº¤åÅé¼gµ¹»¡§Æþ»yªºÅªªÌ¡S17¡]¥|¡^¥»®Ñªº¦r·J¸ò«Où®Ñ«Hªº¦r·J¤§¶¡¦³²³¦h©úÅ㪺¤À§O¡A³o¨Ç¦r·J¥]¬A¡G¦³Ãöª¾ÃÑ©M±Ò¥Üªº¦r¡Fªí¹F·P±¡ªº¦r¡F¦³Ãö¥Í©R©M¦º¤`ªº¦r¡FÃö¥G¯à¤O¡Bª§¾Ô©M¼f§Pªº¦r¡F¨ä¥L¦³Ãö¤Hªºµ²ºc¤Î­Û²z¤è­±ªº¦r¡F¦³Ãö¤W«Ò¤l¥Áªº¦r¡F·q«ô¤è­±ªº¦r¡]¥]¬A¥Î¨Ó°Q½×«H®{¸sÅ餺¤§Ãö«Yªº¦r¡^¡F´£¤Î§@ªÌ¥»¨­ªº³B¹Ò¤Î¤u§@ªº¦r¡F¤W«Òªº¦W¦r©MºÙ¸¹¡C¬Æ¦Ü·í¥»®Ñ»P«Où½×¤Î¬Û¦Pªº½ÒÃD®É¡A¤GªÌ¥ç¦³¨Ï¥Î¤£¦Pªº¦P¸qµü¨Ó¥[¥Hµo´§ªºÁͶաC18¡]¤­¡^¦b¯«¾Ç«ä·Q¤è­±¡A¥»®Ñ»P«Où¤§¶¡¥ç¦³­«­nªº¤À§O¡A¨Ò¦p¡G«Où±j½Õ°ò·þªº¦º»P´_¬¡¡A¥»®Ñ«h±j½ÕÍ¢ªº¨ü¦º»P³Q°ªÁ|¡A¥u¦³¤@¦¸´£¨ìÍ¢ªº´_¬¡¡]¤Q¤T20¡F°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤­¬q¡^¡F°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¨­¤À©M¤u§@¬O¥»®Ñªº¤¤¤ß½ÒÃD¡A¦ý«Où¨ÃµL´£¤Î°ò·þ¬O¤j²½¥q¡F¹ï«Où¨Ó»¡¡A«ßªk¥D­n¬O¥Nªí¤W«Ò¦®·Nªº­Û²z©Êªº­n¨D¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ½×¤Î«ßªk®É¡A¨äµÛ²´ÂI«o¬O¦b©ó«ßªk¤D¾ã®M¦³Ãö²½¥q¡B²½Äm¡B±R«ô§»öµ¥¨Æ©yªº«ß¨Ò¡]°Ñ¤C12µùÄÀ²Ä¤T¬q¡^¡C¡]¤»¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¤ÞªºÂ¬ù¸g¤å¬Ò¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡A¦ý«Oùªº¤Þ¥y¥]¬A¤@¨Ç»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¸t¸g¬Û¦P¡B¦Ó»P¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¦³§Oªº¸g¤å¡F19«Où±`¥Î¡u¦p¸g¤W©Ò°O¡e¡u°O¡v­ì¤å§@¡u¼g¡v¡f¡v¡]¨Ò¦p¡Gù¤@17¡^³o¤Þ¤¶¤½¦¡¡A¨Ã¦h¦¸´£¥X¤Þ¥yªº¥X³B¡]¨Ò¦p¡Gù¥|6-7¡u¤j½Ã¡K¡K»¡¡v¡F¤E25¡u¯«¦b¦ó¦èªü®Ñ¤W»¡¡v¡B29¡u¥HÁɨȥý«e»¡¡v¡^¡F20¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ«h¬Æ¤Ö´£¤Î¤Þ¥yªº¥X³B¡]°Ñ¥|7¡^¡A¦Ó³ß¥Î¡u¦³¤H¦b¡K¡K¬Y³B¡K¡K»¡¡v¡]¤G6¡^©Î¡u¦³¤@³B»¡¡K¡K¤S¦³¤@³B»¡¡v¡]¥|4¡B5¡^µ¥¸û§t½kªºÁ¿ªk¡A¨Ã¥B±q¨S¦³¥Î¸g¤W¡u°O¡vµÛ³o­ÓÁ¿ªk¡]¤Q7ªº¡u°O¸ü¡v¬O¤Þ¥yªº¤@³¡¤À¡^¡C21°ò©ó¤W­z¤Î¨ä¥Lªº²z¥Ñ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¨Ã«D«Où¤w¬O¤µ¤Ñ¸t¸g¾Ç³N¬É¤½»{ªº©w½×¡C

 

5 ¤T¥@¬ö¦­´ÁªºChester Beatty papyrus (P46)

6 Cf. Westcott lxvi-lxviii; Ellingworth 4-5.

7 Westcott lxxii¡Alxxiv.

8 Bruce III 17. ¦P®Ñ­¶23µù96«ü¥X¡A§Ú­Ì©Ò¼ô±xªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¦b·s¬ù¤¤ªº¦ì¸m¡]¦b¤Q¤T«Ê«Où®Ñ«H¤§«á¡^¡A¤Ï¬M¤F¡u¦­´Áªº¦è¤è±Ð·|¿ð¿ð¤£±µ¨ü¥»®Ñ¬°«Où¤§§@¡v¦¹¤@¨Æ¹ê¡C

9 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GBruce III 22-23; Westcott lxxi; Dods 221. Cf. Perrin, INT 137; d. Guthrie¡AISBER 2.665b.

10 Cf. Westcott lxxiv-lxxv.

11 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GE. Dinkler¡AIDB 2.572b; Marxsen, INT 221.

12 Cf. Ku/mmel, INT 394; McCullough, 'Research on Hebrews' 142; Ellingworth, 'Anticipation' 6b.

13 ¦b¤@¨Ç¸û³q«UªºµùÄÀ®Ñ¤¤«h¤´µM¥X²{¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¥q­}¥Á5¡F§õ63¡C«áªÌ¡u½T«H§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¬O¨Ï®{«Où¼gªº¡A¦]¬°¦b¥»®Ñªº¥½¤FÃD¨ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡v¡C¦ý¥H¦¹¬°²z¥Ñ¥i»¡²£¥Í¤F¤Ï®ÄªG('this turns out to be a boomerang', Harrison, INT 376)¡A¦]¬°«OùºD¥Îªº¦¸§Ç¤£¬O¡u¥S§Ì´£¼¯¤Ó¡v¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡A¦Ó¬O¡u´£¼¯¤Ó¡e¡K¡K¡f§Ì¥S¡v¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ­º¬q¥½¡^¡C

14 ¸Ô¨£Hurst 107-24¡F°Ñ¤Q¤T23µùÄÀµù3¡C

15 °Ñ¶¾¡G¡u¯u²z¡v30-32; Fung¡AGalatians 53-54.

16 Cf. Westcott xlvi-xlvii; MHT 4.106-13 (on Hebrews; 'he avoids all roughness' [106]), 80-100 (on Paul; esp. 85-86¡G'harshness of style').

17 So F. Godet¡Aas cited in Harrison, INT 377.

18 ¸Ô¨£Ellingworth 7-12.

19 Cf. Ellis, Paul's Use of the Old Testament 150-52¡]¯d·N²Ä¤TÃþ§O¡^¡C

20 ¸Ô¨£ Ellis¡A¦P¤W®Ñ155-85.

21 Cf. Harrison, INT 378.

 

ù°¨ªº­²§Q§K

¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O­²§Q§K©Î¸ô¥[¡A¦­©ó«X§Q®Úªº®É¥N¤w¬O­Ó¶Ç²Îªº»¡ªk¡A¦¹»¡ªk¥ç¬°¥[º¸¤å©Ò±Ä¯Ç¡C22¤£¹L¡A­³´µ¸¯¥D±Ð¦­¤w«ü¥X¡AÁöµMªí­±¤W­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¸ò¥»®Ñ¦b¥Îµü¤Î®æ¦¡¤è­±¦³¤Q¤À©úÅ㪺¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡A¦ý¬O¨â¥÷§@«~¦b³o¨â¤è­±ªº¤Àª[¤§³B»·¶W¨ä¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡F§ó¬°­«­nªº¡A¨â¥÷§@«~¦b«ä·Qªº¼s«×¡B±Ð¸qªº²`«×¡A¥H¤Î¥ýª¾ªº¬}¨£³o¨Ç¤è­±ªº¤À§O¤§¤j¡A¨Ï¤HµLªk»{¬°¤GªÌ¬O¥X¦Û¦P¤@§@ªÌªº¤âµ§¡C23­²§Q§K¤Þ¥Î§Q¥¼ªºÂ§»ö«ß¨Ò¨Ó¤ä«ù¥L¹ï±Ð·|¾¨Æ¤§©Ê½èªº¬Ýªk¡A³o°µªk»P¥»®Ñªº¥D­n½×ÂI­I¹D¦Ó¹£¡F24­²§Q§K¤S§â¨º¨Ç¡u©ÜµÛºø¦Ï¤s¦Ïªº¥Ö¦U³B©b¶]¡vªº¤H¡]¨Ó¤Q¤@37¡F°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¿ù»~¦a¸Ñ¬°¥H§Q¨È©M¥H§Q¨F¡]­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¤Q¤C1¡^¡A³æ¦¹»~¸Ñ¨¬¥HÃÒ©ú¥L¨Ã«D¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡C25

 

22 Cf. Ellingworth 13; Calvin 216.

23 So Westcott lxxvii, Cf. Montefiore 2; Kuemmel, INT 402.

24 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 13; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 396.

25 So Bruce, 'History of New Testament Study' 22

 

¸ô¥[

¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº­²§Q§K¯d·N¨ì¥»®Ñªº¤å¦r¸ò¸ô¥[µÛ§@ªº¤å¦r¤§¶¡ªº¬Û¦ü³B¡A³o¨Ï¥L»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¸ô¥[§â«Oùªº­ìµÛ±q§Æ§B¨Ó¤å½Ķ¹L¨Óªº¡C³o­Ó¨£¸Ñ¤£¥i¯à¬O¥¿½Tªº¡A¦]¬°¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒÅã¥Ü¡A§Æþ¤åªº¸g¤å¬O§@ªÌ­ì¨Ó©Ò¼gªº¤å¦r¡A¤£¬O¥ô¦ó¤@ºØ§Î¦¡¤§¨ÈÄõ¤åªºÂ½Ä¶¡C³oºØ¤ºÃÒ¥]¬A¥H¤U¼ÆÂI¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¦r·J¡BÅéµô¤Î¥»®ÑªºÃã¥O©Ê½è³£¤Þ¦Ü³o­Óµ²½×¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤@¨Ç½Æ¦X°Êµü¨Ã¨S¦³¬Ûµ¥ªº¨ÈÄõ¤å°Êµü¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤­2¡uÅé½Ì¡v¡A¤Q¤G1¡u®e©öÄñ²Ö¡v¡^¡C¡]¤G¡^¤E³¹¤Q¤­¦Ü¤Q¤C¸`ªº½×¾Ú¡A¦³¿à©ó¡u¬ù¡v»P¡u¿ò©R¡v³£¬O¦P¤@­Ó§Æþ¦r¥i¥H¦³ªº¨â­Ó·N«ä¡]¸Ô¨£¤E16-17µùÄÀ¡^¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ©Ò¥ÎªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y¡A°£¤F¤Q³¹¤T¤Q¸`¤W¥b¨º¤@¥y¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A³£¬O¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¡A§Y¨Ï¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»»P§Æ§B¨Ó­ì¤å¦³¥X¤Jªº®É­Ô¡A¤]¬O³o¼Ë¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤G³¹¤C¸`¡u¤ñ¤Ñ¨Ï¡vªº§Æ§B¨Ó­ì¤å¡]¸Ö¤K5¡^³Ì¦ÛµMªº·N«ä¬O¡u¤ñ¯«¡v¡]©M¦X¤p¦r¡A°Ñ·sĶ­¶Ãäµù¡F¥ç°Ñ¤G7aµùÄÀ­º¬q¡^¡F¤Q³¹¤Ê¤K¸`¤U¥bªº¤Þ¥y¡]«¢¤G4a¡^»P§Æ§B¨Ó¤å­ì¥y¤£¦P¡F¤Q¤G³¹¤»¸`ªº¡uÃ@¥´¡v¡]½e¤T12¡^¦b§Æ§B¨Ó¤å­ì¥y§@¡u¥¿¦p¤÷¿Ë¡v¡C¡]¤T¡^¦³®É§@ªÌªº½×ÂI¬O¨Ì¿à©Ò¤Þ¦Û¤C¤Q¤CĶ¥»ªº¸g¤åªº¬Y¨Ç¯S§O¤§³B¡A¬G¦¹©Ò¥Îªº¤Þ¥y¤£¥i¯à¬O§@ªÌ¦b§â¨ÈÄõ¤å½Ķ¬°§Æþ¤åªº¹Lµ{¤¤­º¥ý¤Þ¶i¨Óªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤Q³¹¤­¦Ü¤Q¸`ªº½×ÂI¬O¨Ì¿à¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»¸Ö½g¤Ê¤E½g¤C¦Ü¤E¸`¡]°¨¯Á©Ô§Û¥»¥|¤Q½g¤»¦Ü¤K¸`¡^¡A¤×¨ä¬O¸Ó½g²Ä¤C¸`¡u§A´¿µ¹§Ú¹w³Æ¤F¨­Åé¡v¤@¥y¡]°¨¯Á©Ô§Û¥»­ì¥y§@¡u§A¤w¸g¶}³q§Úªº¦Õ¦·¡v¡^¡A¤~«Ø¥ß°_¨Óªº¡]¸Ô¨£¤Q5-6µùÄÀ­º¤G¬q¤Î¥½¤G¬q¡^¡C26ÁöµM¥»®Ñ»P¸ô¥[¦b¤å¦r¤W¦³¬Û¦ü¤§³B¬O¤£®e§_»{ªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¦ý³o¨Ç¬Û¦ü³B«o¤£¨¬¥HÃÒ©ú¸ô¥[´N¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¨â­Ó§@ªÌ¦b¤å¦r¤W¤§©Ò¥H¬Û¦ü¡A¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó¥L­Ì¡]¤×¨ä¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡^¤ñ¥ô¦ó¨ä¥Lªº·s¬ù§@ªÌ³£§ó±µªñ§Æþ¤å¾Ç©Ò¥Îªº¤å¦r¼Ò¦¡¡C27¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ©M¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº¬O¥~¨¹¤Hªº­I´º¡A¥»®Ñ©Ò¤Ï¬Mªº«o¬O¿@«pªºµS¤Ó¦â±m¡C28

 

26 ¥H¤W²z¥Ñ¨£¡GWestcott xxxiv; Lindars 16. ·sªñ¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ«h»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ¬O¥q´£¤Ïªº¦ÛÅGÁ¿¹D¡]®{¤C¡^¤§©µÄò¢w¢w¸ô¥[¼g¦¹®Ñªº¥Øªº¡A¬O­nÄ~Äò¥q´£¤Ï¨º½g³Q¤¤Ä~ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¤×¨ä¬O­n¹ï¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤»³¹¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|¸`ªº«ü±±§@¥X¦^À³¡Fso T. Jelonek¡Aas reported in NTA ¡±30¡]1986¡^-1222, ¡±32¡]1988¡^-283, ¡±34¡]1990¡^-309.

27 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GWestcott xlvii-xlviii; MHT 4.106; Bruce III 19n.83.

28 Cf. D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.666b, NTI 677; Gundry, Survey 333.

 

¤Ú®³¤Ú

¤Ú®³¤Ú¬O¥Í©ó©~¤ñ¸ô»¡§Æþ»yªº§Q¥¼¤H¡]®{¥|36¡^¡A¬O¥L§âÂk¥D«áªº«Où±ÀÂ˵¹­C¸ô¼»§Nªº¨Ï®{¡]®{¤E27¡^¡A¥L¤S¦b¦w´£ªü¥Nªí¨Ï®{¡A¥i¨£¥L¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¬O¨ü´L­«ªº¡F¥L¤ä«ù¦w´£¦w±Ð·|¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº¤u§@¡]®{¤Q¤@19-26¡^¡A¨ä«á¤S¦¨¬°«Oùªº«Å±Ð¥ë¦ñ¡]®{¤Q¤T1-¤Q¥|28¡^¡C³oºØ­I´º¨Ï¥L¦P¼Ë¾A¦X¦VµS¤Ó¤H¤Î¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ð¡C¸ô¥[»¡¡u¤Ú®³¤Úªº·N«ä¬O¹ªÀyªÌ¡v¡]®{¥|36¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F¤£ºÞ±qÃã·½¾Çªº¨¤«×³o·N«ä¬O¦p¦ó±o¨Óªº¡A¤Ú®³¤Úªº½T¬O¤@¦ì¹ªÀyªÌ¡]°Ñ®{¤E27¡A¤Q¤@23¡A¤Q¤­37¡^¡C§@ªÌºÙ¥»®Ñ¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«j¡e­ì¤å»P¹ªÀy¬Û¦P¡fªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A¥¦­Y¬O¥Ñ¨ã¦³¤W­z­I´ºªº¹ªÀyªÌ¤Ú®³¤Ú¼g¥X¨Ó¡A¨º¬O§¹¥þ¦X¾Aªº¨Æ¡C29

¤£¹L¡A¦¹»¡¦³¦Ü¤Ö¥H¤U´XÂI§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^¡u¹ªÀyªÌ¡v¡]®{¥|36¡^»P¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¨Ó¤Q¤T22¡^¤§¶¡ªº¹ïÀ³±¡§Î¯ÂÄÝ¥©¦X¡G­ì¤å¦b·s¬ù¬O­Ó´¶³qªº¦r¡Aµ´¤£¨¬¥H¦¨¬°±N«áªÌªº§@ªÌ»{¦P¬°«eªÌªº®Ú¾Ú¡C¡]¤G¡^§Y¨Ï°²³]¤Ú®³¤Ú¨ã¦³¼g¦¨¥»®Ñªº¯à¤O¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó¥L¨ÃµL¯u½Tªº§@«~¥i¨Ñ¤ñ¸û¢w¢w©Ò¿×ªº¡u¤Ú®³¤Ú®Ñ¡v¸û¥i¯à¬O¤G¥@¬öªì¸­¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº¤@¦ì¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{¼gªº30¢w¢w§Ú­Ì«K´X¥G§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥i¥H¥Î¨ÓÂ_©w¥L½T¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº¸ê®Æ¡C¡]¤T¡^¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤Q¥|³¹¤Q¤G¸`´£¥Ü¡A¤Ú®³¤Úªº¤f¤~¤£¤Î«Où¡F³o¨Ï¤H¤£¹w´Á¤Ú®³¤Ú·|¼g¥X¦b­×Ãã¤W¹³¥»®Ñ¨º»ò¥X¦â©M¦³®Äªº§@«~¡C¡]¥|¡^¤Ú®³¤Ú¬O¦­´Á±Ð·|ªºª¾¦W¤H¤h¡A­YªG¤£¬O¥X¦Û¥Lªº¤âµ§ªº¡u¤Ú®³¤Ú®Ñ¡v©|¥B³Q¤H»{¬°¬O¥L¼gªº¡A¨º»ò­Õ­Y¥L¯u¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¬°¬Æ»ò³o¨Æ¹ê³º·|³Q¤H§¹¥þ¿ò§Ñ¤F¡S31

 

29 ¤ä«ù¤Ú®³¤Ú¬°¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªºÄÀ¸gªÌ¥]¬ARobinson¡ARedating 217-20 ; P. E. Hughes 24-29; H. Mulder¡Aas reported in NTA ¡±10 (1965-66)-621.

30 So J. R. Michaels¡AISBER 1.206a.

31 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡G(1)Dods 228; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 396; (2)Guthrie, NTI 675; (3)Ellingworth 15; (4)Harrison, INT 375 (with reference to F. Godet).

 

¦Ê°ò©Ô¡]¤Î¨È©~©Ô¡^

¼w°ê¾ÇªÌº~¯Ç§J©ó1900¦~«Øij¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬°¨È©~©Ô¤Î¦Ê°ò©Ô¤Ò°ü¡A¨ä¤¤¥H¦Ê°ò©Ô¬°¥D¤â¡C¦¹»¡ªº½×¾Ú¦p¤U¡G¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O­Ó«Ü¦³­×¾iªº±Ð®v¡A¦Ó¨È©~©Ô¤Ò°ü²Å¦X¦¹¶µ¸ê®æ¡A¦]¥L­Ì´¿±N¯«ªº¹D¦V¨Èªiù¸Ô²ÓÁ¿¸Ñ¡]®{¤Q¤K26¡^¡F§@ªÌ¬OÄÝ«Où°é¤lªº¤H¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T23µùÄÀ­º¬q¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü³Q«OùºÙ¬°¥Lªº¡u¦P¤u¡v¡]ù¤Q¤»3¡^¡F§@ªÌ»P´£¼¯¤Ó¦³Ápô¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü©M´£¼¯¤Ó³£´¿©ó­ôªL¦h¡]®{¤Q¤K3¡B5¡A¤Q¤E22¡^¤Î¥H¥±©Ò¡]®{¤Q¤K18-28¡FªL«e¤Q¤»10¡B19¡F°Ñ´£«á¥|19¡^¤@¦P»P«Où¦b¤@°_¡F§@ªÌ¬Où°¨¤@®a®x±Ð·|ªº¦¨­û¡]¥»®Ñ¤j©è¬O¼gµ¹¸Ó±Ð·|ªº¡^¡A¦Ó³o¹ï¤Ò°ü¥¿¬Où°¨¤@®a®x±Ð·|ªº¥D¤H¡]ù¤Q¤»5¡^¡F«H¤W°£¤F§@ªÌ¦ÛºÙªº¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¤Î¥]¬A§@ªÌ»PŪªÌ¦b¤ºªº¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¤§¥~¡AÁÙ¦³²Ä¤TºØªº¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¡A´N¬O¥]¬A§@ªÌ»P¥t¤@¤Hªº¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¡A³o¥Îªk¹ï¤@¹ï¤Ò°ü¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü¦X©yªº¡F¦Ü©ó§@ªÌªº¦W¦r³Qù°¨±Ð·|¿ò§Ñ¡A¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó±Ð·|²`¨ü«Où¸T¤î°ü¤k¦b±Ð·|¤¤¬I±Ðªº±Ð°V¤§¼vÅT©Ò­P¡C32¦ý¬O¦¹»¡Ãø¥H¦¨¥ß¡A¦]¬°¡]¤@¡^«H¤W¥X²{¦h¦¸ªº³æ¼Æ¡u§Ú¡v¦r¡]¤Q¤@32¡A¤Q¤T19¡B22¡B23¡^²M·¡Åã¥Ü§@ªÌ¥u¬O³æ¿W¤@¤H¡F¡]¤G¡^¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤G¸`ªº¡u²Ó»¡¡v­ì¤å¬O¶§©Êªº³æ¼Æ¤Àµü¡Aµw±N¦¹¶§©Ê¤Àµü¬Ý¬°¦Ê°ò©Ô¥Î¥H±»¹¢¨ä¯u¥¿¨­¤Àªº¤å¾Ç§Þ­Ç¡A¬OÃø¥H¥t¤H«HªAªº²o±j°µªk¡C33

 

32 A. Harnack, as cited in Dods 228. Cf. Bruce III 18-19.

33 ¡u²Ó»¡¡v­ì¤å¬°¶§©Ê¦¹ÂI¦P¼Ë¤£§Q©ó§@ªÌ¬°°¨§Q¨È¤§»¡¡F¦¹»¡¨£ J. M. Ford, as reported in NTA ¡±20(1976)-897.

 

¨Èªiù

°¨¤B¸ô¼w²q´ú¡A¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬O¨Èªiù¡F¦¹«ØijÀò±o¤£¤Ö¤ä«ù¡C34¨Èªiù³Q¸ô¥[´y¼g¬°¡u«Ü¦³¤f¤~¡A¾ÕªøÁ¿¸Ñ¸t¸g¡v¡]®{¤Q¤K24¡e·sĶ¡f¡A°Ñ27-28¸`¡^¡A³o´y¼g²Å¦X¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡C¡u¥L¥Í¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó¡v¡]¦P¤W¡^ªº¨Æ¹ê¡A»P¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªºÂ¬ù¤Þ¥y§¹¥þ¥X¦Û¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»ªº¨Æ¹ê¬Û²Å¡]¦¹Ä¶¥»¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó»s¦¨ªº¡^¡C¦Ê°ò©Ô©M¨È©~©Ô¡]¥L­Ì¤j©è¼ô±x«Oùªº±Ð°V¡^´¿§â¯«ªº¹D¦V¨Èªiù¸Ô²ÓÁ¿¸Ñ¡]®{¤Q¤K26¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¨Èªiù»P«Où¬O¤Í¦nªºÃö«Y¡]ªL«e¤Q¤»12¡F°Ñ¦h¤T13¡^¡A³o¨¬¥H¸ÑÄÀ¬°¦ó¥»®Ñªº¯«¾Ç¸ò«Oùªº¯«¾Ç¦³¬Û¦ü¤§³B¡C¥i¬O¡A¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¤§»¡¦Ü¤Ö¦³¥H¤Uªº§xÃø¡G¡]¤@¡^¨ÃµLÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¨Èªiù´¿¼¶¼g¥ô¦óªF¦è¡A©ÎÅã¥Ü¥L¬O¨Ï®{®É¥N±©¤@­Ó¡u«Ü¦³¤f¤~¡A¾ÕªøÁ¿¸Ñ¸t¸g¡vªº¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó¤H¡A©Î¬O¥L¤ñ©Ò¦³¦P´Áªº¤H§ó¨ã³Æ³o¨Ç¯À½è¡F¥L¨ã¦³³o¨Ç¯À½è¤£µ¥©ó»¡¥L´N¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡C35¡]¤G¡^¦­´Áªº±Ð·|¶Ç²Î§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¨ì¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¡C­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡]¥|¤Q¤C1¡^´£¨ì¡A«Où´¿¦b¥L¼gµ¹­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº«H¤W¡u´N¥L¦Û¤v©MÁFªk©M¨Èªiù¡vÅñ©J¥L­Ì¡F­Õ­Y¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A¨º»ò·í­²§Q§K¤Þ¥Î¥»®Ñ®É¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¦X²z¦a¹w´Á¥L·|´£¤Î¨Èªiùªº¦W¦r¡A¤×¨ä¦]¬°­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº¡A¦Ó¨Èªiù´¿¦b¸Ó±Ð·|¤¤§êºt¤FÅãµÛªº¨¤¦â¡]°ÑªL«e¤@12¡A¤T22¡A¥|6¡^¡F¥i¬O­²§Q§K¨Ã¨S¦³³o¼Ë§@¡C¦P¼Ë¡A­Y¨Èªiù¬O¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¡A«h¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó±Ð·|²z·í¹ï³o¦ì¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº³Ç¥XÐt¸Ç¼g¤F¥»®Ñªº¨Æ¦³©Ò»{ÃÑ©M°O¿ý¡F¥i¬O¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº­²§Q§K©M«X§Q®Ú³£ºD©Ê¦a¤Þ¥»®Ñ¬°«Où¤§§@¡A¦Ó«X§Q®ÚÅãµM¨Ã¤£»{ÃÑ¥ô¦ó±N¥»®Ñ»P¨Èªiù©Ô¤WÃö«YªºÁr»¡¡C36

 

34 See Attridge II 4 with n.28¡F°£¤F¸Ó³B©Ò´£ªº®Ñ¥Ø¥~¡AÁÙ¥i¥[¤WHunter, 'Apollos the Alexandrian' 155-56.

35 Cf. Westcott lxxix.

36 Cf. Robinson, Redating 216-17; Bruce III 18.

 

µ²½×

¤W¤å¨S¦³°Q½×ªº¨ä¥LÁr´ú¡]°Ñ¥»¸`²Ä¤G¬q¡A¤Îµù4¡^¦P¼Ë¦³Ãþ¦üªº¤Ï¹ï²z¥Ñ¡CÁ`¨¥¤§¡AÃö©ó¥»®Ñ§@ªÌªº°ÝÃD¡A§Ú­Ì±o¨ì¥H¤Uªºµ²½×¡G¡]¤@¡^¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ·¥¤£¥i¯à¬O«Où¡C¡]¤G¡^§Ú­Ì´X¥iªÖ©wŪªÌª¾¹D§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡A¦ý¥»®Ñ¨s³º¬O½Ö¼gªº¡A¡u¯«ª¾¹D¨Æ±¡ªº¯u¬Û¡v¡]«X§Q®Úªº¦W¥y¡^¡C37³\¦hÄÀ¸gªÌ³£¼Ö·N©Ó»{¥L­Ì¤£¾å±o¥»®Ñªº§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡C38¡]¤T¡^¾å±o§@ªÌ¬O½Ö©TµM·|¦³§U©ó¥»®Ñªº¤F¸Ñ¡F¦ý¤£¾å±o¥Lªº¨­¤À¤]¤£­PÄY­«¦a¼vÅTÄÀ¸gªº¤u§@¡A©Î¬O¹ï¥»®Ñªº­I´º¡B¼g§@¤é´Á©M¼g§@­ì¦]µ¥°ÝÃDªº¤F¸Ñ¡C39¡]¥|¡^§Ú­Ì¬J¤£ª¾¹D§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡A¤]¤£ª¾¹D¥L¼g¦¹®Ñ®É¨­¦b¦ó³B¡F®Ñ¤¤±©¤@ªº´£¥Ü¦ü¥Gªí¥Ü¥L¬O¦b·N¤j§Q¤§¥~¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T24µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡C

 

37 ¤Þ©óÀu¦è¤ñ¯Q±Ð·|¥v6.25.13¡AÂà¤Þ©ó¡]¨Ò¦p¡^Bruce III 20; Ellingworth 5.

38 E.g., Dods 234; Moffatt xx; Schneider 1; Attridge II 5b; Kuemmel, INT 402; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 397; Collins, 'Hebrews' 54; D. Guthrie, IBD 629a; McCullough, 'Researchon Hebrews' 142.

39 Cf. Marxsen, INT 221; Robinson, Redating 220; Guthrie, NTI 682; D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.667a.

 

¶L¡@§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑªºÅªªÌ

±q³Ì¦­ªº§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥j¨÷¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`µù5¡^¶}©l¡A¥»®Ñªº¼ÐÃD«K¬O¡u­P§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡v¡F1©Ò¦³ªº§Æþ¤å¥j¨÷³£¦³¦¹¼ÐÃD¡A¥çµLÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¥»®Ñ´¿¦³¥ô¦ó¨ä¥Lªº¦W¦r¡CÁöµM³o¼ÐÃD«Ü¥i¯à¤£¬O¥X¦Û§@ªÌ¤âµ§¡A¦Ó¬O«á¨Ó¦³½sªÌ¬°µÛ¤è«K´£¤Î¥»®Ñ¦Ó¥[¤Wªº¡A¦ý¦¹¼ÐÃD¦Ü¤Ö¤Ï¬M¤F¦­´Á¹ï¥»®ÑŪªÌ¨­¤Àªº¤@ºØ´¶¹Mªº«H©À¡C2¥Ñ©ó¥»®Ñ­ì¨Óªº¤å¦rªÖ©w¬O§Æþ¤å¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`¡u¸ô¥[¡v¤§¤Uªº°Q½×¡^¡A³o¼ÐÃD¤ºªº¡u§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¡v¤@¦rªº·N«ä«Ü¥i¯à¬O»P¡u§Æþ¤H¡v¬Û¹ïªº¡uµS¤Ó¤H¡v¡A¦Ó¤£¬O»P¡u»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡v¬Û¹ïªº¡u»¡¨ÈÄõ»yªºµS¤Ó¤H¡v¡C3µL½×¦p¦ó¡A­n½T©wŪªÌªº¨­¤À¡A¤ñ°_¼ÐÃD©Ò´£¨Ñªº³oºØ¥~ÃÒ§ó­«­nªº®Ú¾Ú¡A´N¬O¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¡C

 

1 Pros Hebraious. Synge 43-52±N¦¹¤ù»yĶ¬°'against Hebrews or Jews' (44)¡A¦]¥L»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹µSºÃ¤£¨MªºµS¤Ó¤H¡A¶Ê«P¥L­Ì¨M§ÓÂk«H°ò·þ¡C¦ý¦¹»¡®í¤£¥i¯à¥¿½T¡A¦]¬°¡]¤@¡^ŪªÌÅãµM¤w¸g¬O°ò·þ®{¡]¤T1¡B6¡B14¡A¥|14¡A¤»4-6¡e¸Ô°Ñ¸Ó³BµùÄÀ¡f¡B9¡A¤Q23¡B26¡B32-34¡B39¡A¤Q¤G22-24¡^¡F¡]¤G¡^¦¹¼ÐÃD¹³«Où®Ñ«Hªº¼ÐÃD¤@¼Ë¡A¦Ó«áªÌªº·N«äµ´¤£¬O'against the Romans'µ¥¡CCf. Ellingworth 21-22.

2 Cf. Westcott xxxv: Guthrie, NTI 683.

3 So Ellingworth 21.

 

¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{

¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬O©Î¥D­n¬O¥~¨¹«H®{¡C4¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº²z¥Ñ¥]¬A¥H¤U¼ÆÂI ¡G¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ­Y­n¥H°ò·þ±Ðªº°ò¥»­n¸q¦A¦¸±Ð¾ÉµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡]¤­12-14¡^¡A¥L¤£·|»Ý­n´£¨ì¤»³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`©Ò»¡ªº¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¡A¦]¬°¨º¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¬O¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº«H®§¤¤ªº°ò¥»«H±ø¡C¡]¤G¡^¤T³¹¤Q¤G¸`ĵ§iŪªÌ¤£­n¡u§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡v¡A³o¥y¸Ü«ü¦V¥~¨¹«H®{¹L©óµS¤Ó«H®{¡C¡]¤T¡^¡u¦º¦æ¡v¡]¤»2¡A¤E14¡^¨Ã¤£¾A¥Î©óµS¤Ó¤H¨­¤W¡C¡]¥|¡^¤Q¤T³¹¤E¸`´£¨ì¤@¨Ç©Ç²§ªºµS¤Ó±Ð°V¤Î¶¼­¹ªº±ø¨Ò¡A¨Ã¥H¨º¨Ç¦b¦¹µ¥¨Æ¤W±M¤ßªº¤H§@¬°ÅªªÌªºÅ²§Ù¡A³o¤£¥i¯à¬O¹ïµS¤Ó«H®{»¡ªº¡C

¥i¬O¡A¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ¦b¤­³¹¤Q¤G¦Ü¤Q¥|¸`¬O¥Î¤F¿Ø¨ëªº§Þ­Ç¡]°Ñ¤­12bµùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¥½¡^¡A¥L¨ÃµL·N«ä­n¥H°ò·þ±Ðªº°ò¥»¹D²z¦A¦¸±Ð¾ÉŪªÌ¡A¤Ï¦Ó©ú»¡­n»â¥L­Ì¡uÂ÷¶}°ò·þ¹D²zªº¶}ºÝ¡v¡]¤»1¡^¡C§ó¬°­«­nªº¡A¦b¤»³¹¤@¦Ü¤G¸`ºc¦¨¡u¾Ò®¬¦º¦æ¡B«H¾a¯«¡v¤§°ò¦ªº¨º¨Ç±Ð°V¡]§Y¬O¦³Ãö¡u¦U¼Ë¬~§¡B«ö¤â¤§Â§¡B¦º¤H´_¬¡¡B¥H¤Î¥Ã»·¼f§P¡vªº±Ð°V¡^¡A³£°²©w¤FµS¤Ó±Ðªº­I´º¡]¸Ô°Ñ¤»1b-2µùÄÀ¡^¡A³o·t¥ÜŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó¤H¡C¡]¤G¡^¹ï§@ªÌ¨Ó»¡¡A¦]¤£«H¦Ó©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ð´N¬O§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡A¤£ºÞ­I¹DªÌ¬O¥~¨¹«H®{©Î¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡]°Ñ¤T12µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¡F¥L¥H¼¯¦è»â¾É¤Uªº¥H¦â¦C¤H¦]¤£«H¤£±o¶i¤J¦w®§¬°¡uÂ÷±ó¥Ã¥Í¯«¡vªºÅ²§Ù¡]¤T7-19¡^¡AÅã©úµS¤Ó¤H¤£«H¤]¬OÂ÷±ó¥Ã¥Í¯«¡A¤£ºÞ¥L­Ì¬O¥j¥Nªº©Î¬O¤@¥@¬öªºµS¤Ó¤H¡C¡]¤T¡^¡u¦º¦æ¡v¬O«ü«H®{«H¥D¤§«e¨º¨Ç¤Þ­P¦º¤`ªº¦æ¬°¡]°Ñù¤»21¡B23¡^¡A¤£¤ÀµS¤Ó¤H©Î¥~¨¹¤H¡A³£»Ý­n®¬§ïÂ÷¶}¨º¨Ç¸o¦æ¡C5¡]¥|¡^¤Q¤T³¹¤E¸`ªº¡u©Ç²§¡v¤@¦r¡A¨ä·N«ä¤£¬O¡u­¯¥Í¡B¤£¼ô±x¡v¡A¦Ó¬O¡u¥~¨Óªº¡v¡A§Y¬O¨Ó¦Û§Oªº©v±Ð¡B»P¥¿²ÎªººÖ­µ¯u²z¤£²Å¡F¦]¦¹¡A­Y©Ò«üªº¬OµS¤Ó¤H©ó¸`¤é®É¦b·|°óÁ|¦æªº¡u¬Û¥æªºÀ\¡v¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T9a-b²Ä¤@¡B¥|¬q¡^¡A¥ç¤£·|»PŪªÌ¬°µS¤Ó«H®{ªº°²³]µo¥Í½Ä¬ð¡C¡]¤­¡^ŪªÌ¬°¥~¨¹«H®{¤§»¡ªº¤@­Ó¥D­n§xÃø¡A´N¬O®Ñ¤¤¨S¦³¡]¹³«Où¦b¨ä«H¤W©Ò§@ªº¡^´£¨ì²§±ÐªÀ·|ªº«H¥õ©M²ß«U¡F6¦¹¥~¡A­YŪªÌ¬O¦³­«·s³´¤JµL©v±Ð«H¥õªºª¬ªp¤§¦MÀIªº¥~¨¹«H®{¡A«h§@ªÌ¦p¦¹¸ÔºÉ¦a¤ñ¸û°ò·þ±Ð»P¬ù©v±Ð¡A¬O¥O¤H¶O¸Ñªº¡C

 

4 E.g., Ku/emmel, INT 399-400; Vos II 11-23 (esp. 15-19).

5 Cf. Bruce III 5-6.

6 So Montefiore 16.

 

²V¦Xªº±Ð·|

¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡AŪªÌ¬O¥Ñ¥~¨¹¤H»PµS¤Ó¤H¦X¦¨ªº±Ð·|¡A¨ä¤¤¥HµS¤Ó«H®{¦ûÅãµÛªº¦a¦ì¡C¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº¤@­Ó²z¥Ñ¬O¡G®Ñ¤¤¦³Ãö±B«e¤Î±B¥~©ÊÃö«YªºÄµ§i¡]¤Q¤T4¡A°Ñ¤Q¤G16¡^¤£¥i¯à¬O¬°µS¤Ó«H®{¦Ó¼g¡A¤D¬O¬°­ì¥ý¬O²§±Ð®{ªº«H®{¼gªº¡C¥i¬O¡Aù°¨®Ñ¤G³¹¤Ü¤G¸`¹ïµS¤Ó¤Hªº«ü±±¡]¡u§A»¡¤H¤£¥i«Á²]¡A¦Û¤vÁÙ«Á²]¶Ü¡S¡v¡^Åã¥Ü¡A7¤W­zªº²z¥Ñ¨Ã«D¨M©w©Êªº¡C¥t¤@­Ó²z¥Ñ¬O¡G§@ªÌ¤@³e¦aÁקK¨Ï¥Î¸òµS¤Ó¤H»P¥~¨¹¤Hªº°Ï§O¦³Ãöªº¦rµü¡A³o¥i¯à¬O¥Ñ©ó¦bŪªÌ©Òºc¦¨ªº²V¦X±Ð·|¤¤¡AµS¤Ó«H®{»P¥~¨¹«H®{¤§¶¡´¿¦³ºò±iªºÃö«Y¦s¦b¡A¦¹°ÝÃD¤w§i¸Ñ¨M¡A¦Ó§@ªÌ¤£±ý­«·s¤Þ°_¥L­Ì¤§¶¡ªº°ÝÃD¡F§@ªÌ¤£»¡¡u§Ú­Ìªº¯ª©v¡v¦Ó¥u»¡¡u¦C¯ª¡v¡]¤@1¡^¡A¤SÁקK´£¤Î¦b¬ù¤Þ¥yªº·N°ì¤¤©Ò´£¤Îªº¥~¨¹¤H¡A³o¨Ç³£³Q¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡¡C8¥i¬O¡A­YŪªÌ¤¤¦³¥~¨¹«H®{¡A¡u¥L¡e°ò·þ¡f¨Ã¤£±Ï©Þ¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¤D¬O±Ï©Þ¨È§B©Ô¨uªº«á¸Ç¡v¡]¤G16¡^³oÃþªº¸Ü¬O·|¥O¥L­Ì¤£§Öªº¡F§@ªÌ¤£´£µS¤Ó«H®{»P¥~¨¹«H®{ªºÃö«Y¡A¸û¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¬OŪªÌ·í¤¤¥i¯à¨ÃµL¥~¨¹¤H¡C9

 

7 Barrett (Romans 57)±N³oùتº¡u«Á²]¡v¸Ñ¬°ÄÝÆF·N¸q¤Wªº¹ï¯«¤£©¾¡ACranfield (Romans 168-69)«h«ö¤Ó¤­27-32©Ò´£¥Üªº¸ô½u¨Ó¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ý¬ODunn (Romans 113)¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X¡A¦b¥ýª¾®Ñùإ禳Ãþ¦üªº«ü±±¡]µ²¤Ü¤G9-11¡Fº¿¤T5¡F°Ñ­C¤Ü¤E23¡^¡A©Ò«üªºÅãµM¬O´¶³q·N¸qªº«Á²]¡C

8 Cf. Ellingworth 10, 22 n.67, 25-26.

9 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GDods 231; Westcott xxxvi.

 

µS¤Ó°ò·þ®{

³o¬Ýªk¦³«Ü±jªº²z¥Ñ¤ä«ù¡C¡]¤@¡^§@ªÌ­«½Æ¥Ó­zªº¬ù¤w³Q·sªº¬ù©Ò¨ú¥N¡FŪªÌ­Y¤£¬O¦³­«·s¥Í¬¡¦b¦¹Â¬ù¤§¤Uªº¸Õ±´©ÎÁͶաA§@ªÌ³oºØ°µªk¬OµL·N¸qªº¡C¡]¤G¡^§@ªÌÅãµM¹w´ÁŪªÌ§¹¥þ¼ô±x¬ù¸t¸gªº¤Hª«¡B¨î«×¡]¤×¨ä¬O²½ªÁªº¨î«×¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤E1-10¡^¡B¸g¤å¥H¤Î¡u¼¯¦èªº«ßªk¡v¡]¤Q28¡F¦¹¥~¥uºÙ¬°¡u«ßªk¡v¡^¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ±`¤Þ¥Î¬ù¸t¸g¨Ó¤ä«ù¥Lªº½×ÂI¡A³oªí¥Ü¥L¬Û«HŪªÌ·|©Ó»{¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡C­YŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡A§Y¨Ï¥L­Ì¹ïºÖ­µªº©¾¸Û¦³©Ò´î°h¡A¥L­Ì¤´·|©Ó»{¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡F¦ý­Y¥L­Ì¬O¥~¨¹«H®{¡A¦b¥L­Ì«H¤ß°Ê·n¦³·N©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ðªº®É­Ô¡A«K¤£¤j¥i¯à·|Ä~Äò±µ¨ü¬ù¸t¸gªºÅv«Â¡C¡]¤T¡^¤£¦ý¦p¦¹¡A§@ªÌ°²©wŪªÌ±µ¨ü¬ù¸t¸gÅv«Âªº¤@¨Ç¸Ü¡A·t¥ÜŪªÌ±µ¨üµS¤Ó¤Hªº«e³]¡F¨Ò¦p¡A¤C³¹¤Q¤@¸`»¡¡G¡u¦pªGÂǵۧQ¥¼¤Hªº²½¥q¨î«×¯à¹F¨ì§¹¥þªº¦a¨B¡A¡K¡K¬°¬Æ»òÁٻݭn¡K¡K¥t¥~¿³°_¤@¦ì²½¥q¡K¡K©O¡S¡v¡]·sĶ¡^³o¸Ü·t¥Ü¡AŪªÌ¥i¯à»~¥H¬°§Q¥¼ªº²½¥q¾¥ô¯à¨Ï¤HÀò±o§¹¥þ¡F­YŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¦Ó¦³­«ÂkµS¤Ó±Ðªº¸Õ±´¡A³oºØ·Qªk¬O¥i²z¸Ñªº¡F¦ý­YŪªÌ¬O¦³·N©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ðªº¥~¨¹«H®{¡A«h¥L­Ì¹ï¤C³¹¤Q¤@¸`ªº¦^À³¦ÛµM¬O¢w¢w¡u§Ú­Ì±q¨Ó¨S»{¬°§Q¥¼ªº²½¥q¾¥ô¯à¨Ï¤HÀò±o§¹¥þ¡I¡v¡]°Ñ¤K7¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^­YŪªÌ¬O¥~¨¹°ò·þ®{ªº¸Ü¡A§Ú­Ì«K±o¬°¡uÅý§Ú­Ì¤]¥X¨ìÀç¥~¨ìÍ¢¡e­C¿q¡f¨ºùØ¥h¡v¡]¤Q¤T13¡A·sĶ¡^³o¥y¸Ü§ä´M¬YºØ¦X²zªº¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ý­YŪªÌ¬OµS¤Ó«H®{¡A³o¥y¸Ü´N®e©ö²z¸Ñ±o¦h¤F¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ³Ì«á¨â¬q¡^¡C10

»P¦¹¦P®É¡A»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬OÂk«H¤F°ò·þªº²½¥q¡]°Ñ®{¤»7¡^¡A©Î¥]¬A©øÄõªÀ¹Îªº«e¦¨­û¦b¤ºµ¥¨£¸Ñ¡A¨Ã¤£¬°¦h¼Æªº¾ÇªÌ©Ò±µ¯Ç¡C¦b³o¤è­±¡A¤R¾|´µ±Ð±Â»{¬°§Ú­Ì³»¦h¥u¯à»¡¡AŪªÌªº©v±Ð­I´º¥i¯à¤£¬O©Ô¤ñ¶Ç²Î©Ò¥Nªíªº¼Ð·ÇµS¤Ó±Ð¡A¦Ó¬O¦³§O©óµS¤Ó±Ð¥D¬yªº¡u¤Ï¶Ç²ÎµS¤Ó±Ð¡v¡A¥H¦â¥§¬£©M©øÄõªÀ¹Î¬O«áªÌ¥X¦âªº¥Nªí¡A«o¤£¬O±©¤@ªº¥Nªí¡C11

 

10 ¤W­z²z¥Ñ¨£¡GBruce III 6-7; Ellingworth 23; Carson-Moo-Morris 402-03.

11 So Bruce III 8; cf. Carson-Moo-Morris 403; Bruce, '"To the Hebrews"'¡]esp. 232¡^. ¡u¤Ï¶Ç²ÎµS¤Ó±Ð¡v¬O'nonconformist Judaism'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡C

 

©ú½Tªº¸sÅé

«Ü©úÅã¦a¡AŪªÌ¬O§@ªÌ©Ò»{ÃѪº¤@­Ó°ò·þ®{¸sÅé¡G§@ªÌ´¿»P¥L­Ì¦³­Ó¤Hªº³sô¡A¥L½Ð¨D¥L­Ì¬°¥L¬èë¡A¯S§O¬O¨Ï¥L¥i¥H§ÖÂI¦^¨ì¥L­Ì¨ºùØ¡]¤Q¤T18-19¡A°Ñ23¸`¡^¡C¡u¤£¥i§Ñ°O¥Î·R¤ß±µ«Ý«È®È¡vªºÅñ©J¡]¤Q¤T2¡^´£¥Ü§Ú­Ì¡A¥L­Ì¥i¯à¬O«°¥«¤¤¤H¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T14¡^¡C12¥L­ÌÅãµM¹³§@ªÌ¤@¼Ë¨Ó¦Û»¡§Æþ»yªº¤å¤ÆÀô¹Ò¡F®Ñ¤¤¥ç¦³¤@¨Ç¸ñ¶H¡A´£¥Ü¥L­Ìªº©v±Ð­I´º¬O¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¥H¥~ªº¡B»¡§Æþ»yªºµS¤Ó·|°ó©Ò¥NªíªºµS¤Ó±Ð13¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¬q¡^¡C¥L­Ì¬O±q­C¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùرo»DºÖ­µªº¡]¤G3¡^¡F¥L­Ì­ì¥ýªº»â³S¤w¸g¥h¥@¡]¤Q¤T7¡^¡C«H¥D«á¡A¥L­Ì´¿¦]¥L­Ìªº«H¥õ¾D¨ü°d½|©M­WÃø¡]¤Q32-34¡^¡A¤£¹L©|¥¼¦Ü©ó®î¹Dªº¦a¨B¡]¤Q¤G4¡^¡C¥L­Ì¥ç¥H¹ê»Úªº·R¤ß¦æ°ÊªA¨Æ¸t®{¡]¤»10¡A°Ñ¤Q33-34¡^¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥L­Ì¦b«H¥õªº¸ô¤W¦³°±º¢¤£«e¡]¤­11-14¡^¡B¯h¾Î¤£®¶¡]¤Q¤G12-13¡^ªºªí²{¡F¦ü¥G¦b¥L­Ì·í¤¤¡A¦³¤H¤w¸g©ñ±ó»E·|¡]¤Q25¡^¡C¤Q¤T³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¤W¥b´£¥Ü§Ú­Ì¡AŪªÌ¬O¤@­Ó«°¥«°ò·þ®{¸sÅ餺ªº¤@­Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ­º¬q¡^¡C14

 

12 Cf. Lane II liii.

13 ¸Ô¨£Lane II liv-lv¡]cf. cxxiv, ²Ä¥|¬q¡^¡C

14 Cf., e.g., Ellingworth 26; Bruce III 9; Drane¡AINT 430a; D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.667. Lane I 28, II liii²q·Q¡A¥L­Ìªº¤H¼Æ¤]³\¤£¶W¹L¤Q¤­¦Ü¤G¤Q¤H¡CLane II liii¤S»{¬°¡A§@ªÌ±NŪªÌ´y¼g¬°¤W«Òªº¡u®a¡v¡]¤T6b¡A¤Q21¡^¡A¥i¯à¬O¦³·N·t«ü¥L­Ì¬O­Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡C¦¹»¡­È±o¸mºÃ¡A¦]¬°¡u¯«ªº®a¡v¤@µü¥ç¨£©ó´£«e¤T15¤Î©¼«e¥|17¡A³oªí¥Ü¥¦¬O«ü±Ð·|ªº¤@­Ó©T©w¥Î»y¡C

 

ŪªÌ©Ò¦b¦a

¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ®Ú¾Ú¤Q¤G³¹¤Ü¤G¸`±À½×¡AŪªÌ¬O©¾¸Ûªº¿ü¦w¥D¸qªÌ¡A¥L­Ì±q­ì©~¦aªð¦^À³³\¤§¦a¡A¦¬«H®É¨­¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¡F15¥i¬O¡A¸Ó¸`©Ò·t¥Üªº¹ï¤ñ¨ä¹ê¬O¤Ñ¤W¤§­C¸ô¼»§N»P¦è¤D¤sªº¹ï¤ñ¡A¤£¬O»¡¥L­Ì¨Ó¨ì¤F¦a¤Wªº­C¸ô¼»§N¡C¸ûÅ¢²Î¦a»{¬°ÅªªÌ¬O¦b­C¸ô¼»§N©Î¨äªñ¾Fªº±Ð·|¦¹¤@¬Ýªk¡A16¥ç¦³¤£¤Ö§xÃø¡G­YŪªÌ¬O¦b­C¸ô¼»§N¡A§Ú­Ì«K«ÜÃø©ú¥Õ¡A¬°¦ó§@ªÌ§¹¥þ¨S¦³´£¤Î·í®É¦b¸Ó³Bªº·q«ô±¡§Î¡A¦Ó¥u´£¨ì¬ù·|¹õªº·q«ô¡C¤G³¹¤T¸`·t¥Ü¡AŪªÌ¨Ã«D­C¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¡A³o¨Ã¤£²Å¦X­C¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|¦Ü¤Ö³¡¤Àªº¦¨­û¡F¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`¤]¤£¾A¦X­C¸ô¼»§Nªº±Ð·|¡A¦]¬°¥q´£¤Ï©M¶®¦U¦­¤w¦¨¬°®î¹DªÌ¡]®{¤C54-60¡A¤Q¤G1¡^¡F¡u¤£¥i§Ñ°O¡K¡K®½¿é¡v¡]¤Q¤T16¡^ªºÅñ©J¡A¥ç»P­C¸ô¼»§N±Ð·|»Ý­n±µ¨ü¸gÀÙ´©§Uªº¨Æ¹ê¤£¤j¨ó½Õ¡]°Ñù¤Q¤­26¡FªL«e¤Q¤»1-3¡F¥[¤G10¡F®{¤Q¤@27-30¡A¤Ü¥|17¡^¡C

¤S¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ§Y¬Oºqù¦è®Ñ¥|³¹¤Q¤»¸`©Ò´£¤Î¨º¡u±q¦Ñ©³¹Å¨Óªº®Ñ«H¡v¡A¥¦¬O¥H¤Ú¥±°w¹ïµÛ·q«ô¤Ñ¨Ïªº²§ºÝ¼gµ¹¿à§J´µ¨¦¤§±Ð·|¡A¬O¤j¬ù»Pºqù¦è®Ñ¦P®Éµo¥Xªº¡C17¦¹»¡³Ì¤jªº§xÃø¡A´N¬O¦¹ÄÀ¸gªÌ¥Î¤F¡u¦^¨ì°_ÂIªºÀô§ÎÅGÃÒªk¡v¡G¿à§J´µ¨¦ªº¶Ç²§ºÝªÌ¥²µM«ù¬Y¨Ç¨£¸Ñ¡A¦]¬°§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ©Ò·t¦a§ðÀ»ªº¡A´N¬O³o¨Ç¨£¸Ñ¡F¦]¦¹¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¥²µM¬O°w¹ï¿à§J´µ¨¦ªº²§ºÝ¦Ó¼gªº¡C18¨ü«H¤H¬O­ôªL¦h±Ð·|¤§»¡¡A«Ü¤£¥i¯à¬O¥¿½Tªº¡]¸Ô¨£¤Q¤T24µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^¡CŪªÌ¤]¤£¤j¥i¯à¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº±Ð·|¡A¦]¬°±N¥»®Ñµø¬°«Où¤§§@ªº¨£¸Ñ¡A³Ìªì¥¿¬O¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤Ó²£¥Íªº¡F­Y¥»®Ñ­ì¥ý¬O¼gµ¹¸Ó±Ð·|ªº¡A«h§Ú­ÌÃø¥H©ú¥Õ¡A¬°¦ó¦b¦¹®Ñ¼g¦¨ªº¤@­Ó¥@¬ö¤§«á¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤Óªº±Ð·|³ºµM§Ñ°O¤F§@ªÌ¬O½Ö¡A¤Ï¦Ó±N¦¹®ÑÂk¦b«Oùªº¦W¤U19¡]°Ñ¤W¤@¸`¡u«Où¡v¤§¤U²Ä¤@¬q¡^¡C¦w´£ªü±Ð·|§ó¤£¥Î¦Ò¼{¡G«Où©M¤Ú®³¤Úªº«Å±Ð¨Æ¤u¬O¥Ñ³o­Ó±Ð·|µo°Êªº¡]®{¤Q¤T1-3¡^¡A¦Ó¥B³o±Ð·|¤@ª½¬O«Où¦V¥~¨¹¤H«Å±Ðªº°ò¦a¡]®{¤Q¥|26-28¡A¤Q¤K22¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥»®Ñ¤­³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Q¥|¸`ªº¤@¬q¸Ü¹ï³o±Ð·|µ´¤£¦X¾A20¡]¯d·N®{¤Q¤T1´£¨ìªº¡u±Ð®v¡v¡^¡C

«ö¤Q¤T³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¤U¥b³Ì¦ÛµMªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A§@ªÌ¬O¦b·N¤j§Q¤§¥~¼g«Hµ¹·N¤j§Q¹Ò¤ºªºÅªªÌ¡]¸Ô¨£¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A¦Ó¦b·N¤j§Q¹Ò¤º³Ì­«­nªº±Ð·|¬O¦bù°¨¡A¦]¦¹¡A³o¨ÇµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{ŪªÌ©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº®a®x±Ð·|³Ì¥i¯à´N¬O¦bù°¨ªº¡Cµ§ªÌ»{¬°¡A³o¬O¤ä«ùù°¨¤§»¡³Ì­«­nªº²z¥Ñ¡C21¥Î¨Ó¤ä«ù¦¹»¡ªº²z¥ÑÁÙ¥]¬A¥H¤U¦UÂI¡G22¡]¤@¡^¥»®Ñ³Ì¦­³Q¤Hª¾¹D¨ä¦s¦b©M¥[¥H¤Þ¥Î¬O¦bù°¨¡]­²§Q§K¦b¨ä­P­ôªL¦h±Ð·|ªº«H¤¤¤Þ¥Î¤F¥»®Ñ¡^¡C23¡]¤G¡^ŪªÌªººB´n¡]¤»10¡A°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ¥½¬q¡^»P¨ä¥L¸ê®Æ©ÒÅã¥Üù°¨±Ð·|ªº¾ú¥v¬Û²Å¡C¡]¤T¡^§@ªÌ¥Î¨ÓºÙ©I±Ð·|ªº¡u»â³S¡v¡]¤Q¤T7¡B17¡B24¡^ªº¨º­Ó¦r¡A¦b·s¬ù¥H¥~¥ç¨£©ó»Pù°¨±Ð·|¦³Ãöªº¦­´Á°ò·þ±Ð¤åÄm¡]¦p­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡B¶Â°¨ªª¤H®Ñ¡^¡C¡]¥|¡^ŪªÌ¦b«H¥D«á¦­´Á©Ò¸g¾úªº­WÃø¡]¤Q32-34¡^¸ò¨º¨Ç¦b¥D«á49¦~­²¦Ñ¥áªº³ë¥O¤U³Q³vªºµS¤Ó¤H©Ò¸g¾úªº¬Û²Å¡C

 

15 So Buchanan 256. ¥L»{¬°§@ªÌ¤]¬O¦b­C¸ô¼»§N(263-64). Dunn (Partings of Ways 87)ªº¨£¸Ñ­è¦n¬Û¤Ï¡G¥L»{¬°ÅªªÌ«Ü¥i¯à¬O¥¿·íµS¤Ó»Pù°¨¤H¤§¾Ô¡]66-70¦~¡^¡A©Î¥Ñ©óµS¤Ó¤H¦¹¦¸°_¸q³Qù°¨À£¨î¡A¦Ó¾EÂ÷­C¸ô¼»§N©ÎµS¤Ó¦aªº¤@¯ZµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡C

16 E.g., Westcott xxxv-xlii (esp. xxxix-xli).

17 Jewett 5-10. ¡u¿à§J´µ¨¦¡v¬O'Lycus Valley'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡CCf. Manson, 'Problem of Hebrews' 252-54.

18 So Ellingworth, 'Hebrews in the Eighties' 138. ¡u¦^¨ì°_ÂIªºÀô§ÎÅGÃÒªk¡v¬O'circular argument'ªºÂ½Ä¶¡CJewett 4¦Û¤v¤]©Ó»{¥LªºÅGÃÒªk¦³³oºØ©Ê½èªº¦MÀI¡A¥i¬O¥L»{¬°­Y­n¤F¸Ñ¤@¦ì¥j¥Nªº§@ªÌ©M¥LªºÅ¥²³¤§¶¡ªº¹ï¸Ü¡A³oºØÀI¬O­È±o«_ªº¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬OµL¥iÁקKªº¡C

19 So Bruce III 12-13.

20 Cf. Dods 233.

21 Similarly, Ellingworth 29.

22 Cf. Lane II lviii; Guthrie, NTI 698.

23 ¤£¹L¡AMarxsen (INT 219)»{¬°¦¹ÂIªº§@¥Î¤£¤j¡A¦]¥»®Ñ¬O¼gµ¹Ã¹°¨©Îµo¦Ûù°¨¡A­²§Q§K³£¥i¥H¤Þ¥Î¡A¥ç¦³¨ä¥L¤èªk¥»®Ñ¥iÂÇ¥H±q¨ä¥L¦a¤è¨Ó¨ìù°¨¡C

 

µ²½×

¥»®Ñªº¥Øªº¦aªº°ÝÃD¡A¦b¾ÇªÌ²{¦³ªºª¾ÃѤ§¤U¡A¦ü¥G¬OµLªk½T©wªº°ÝÃD¡C¦]¦¹¡A¤@¨ÇÄÀ¸gªÌ¿ï¾Ü¤£¹ï¦¹°ÝÃD´£¨Ñ¥ô¦óµª®×¡C24©¯¦Ó¡A³oºØ¤£ªÖ©wªº±¡ªp¤j­P¤W¨Ã¤£ÄY­«¦a¼vÅT¸g¤åªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C25¤£¹L¡Aù°¨¤§»¡ÁöµMµLªkÃÒ¹ê¡A¦ý¤ñ°_¨ä¥L¦³Ãö¥»®Ñ¥Øªº¦aªº¬Ýªk¦ü¥G§ó¬°¦X²z¡A¥çÀò±o¤£¤Ö¡]¦ýµ´¤£¬O©Ò¦³¡^ÄÀ¸gªÌªº¤ä«ù¡C26¦]¦¹¡A¥»µùÄÀ©Ò±Ä¯Çªº¥ß³õ´N¬O¡G¥»®ÑªºÅªªÌ¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@¸sµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{©Ò²Õ¦¨ªº¤@­Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡C27

 

24 Cf., e.g., Schneider 3; A. B. Bruce 7; R. McL. Wilson 11.

25 So Bruce III 14; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 401.

26 E.g., Grant, HINT 217; E. Dinkler, IDB 2.573a; Perrin, INT 138; Ellingworth, 'Anticipation' 8a.

27 Cf. Dods 233-34; F. F. Bruce, IDBS 395b; Lane II lviii-lx; Ellingworth 27, 29.

 

úS¡@¼g§@­ì¦]©M¥Øªº

§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤@­Ó¯S¦â¡A´N¬O±Ð¸q©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ»Pĵ§i¤ÎÄU«jªº¸Ü¥æ´À¥X²{¡]°Ñ¤jºõ¡^¡C¥i¬O¡A§@ªÌ¦b«H¥½«o§â¥þ®Ñ§Î®e¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A³o´N²M·¡ªí¥Ü¡A¦b§@ªÌªº¤ß¥Ø¤¤¡A®Ñ¤¤¸t¸g¤Î¯«¾Ç©Êªº¸ÑÄÀ¥u¦û±qÄݪº¦a¦ì¡A¨ä¥\¥Î¬O´£¨ÑÄU«jªº°ò¦¡AÄU«j¤~¬O¥þ®Ñªº¯u¥¿¥Øªº¡C1¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H®Ú¾Ú®Ñ¤¤ªºÄµ§i©MÄU«j³¡¤À¡A±À½×¥XŪªÌ©Ò³Bªº±¡ªp¡A¥H¤Î§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªº­ì¦]©M¥Øªº¡C

¦ãÆF°¶«ü¥X¡A§@ªÌ¥Î¥Hª½±µ§Î®e©Î¶¡±µ´£¥ÜŪªÌ©Ò³B¤§¦MÀIªº¸Ü¡A¤j­P¤W¥i¤À¬°¤TÃþ¡G2¡]¤@¡^¤@¨Ç¥D­n¬O®ø·¥ªº¸Ü¡Aªí¥ÜŪªÌ¦b¥L­Ìªº°ò·þ®{¸ôµ{¤WÅã±o¯h¥F¤£®¶¡C§@ªÌÄU«j¥L­Ì¤£­n¡u³Q¼é¬y¨R¨«¡v¡]¤G1¡A²{¤¤¡^Â÷¶}¤F¥L­Ì©ÒÅ¥¨£ªº¹D²z¡F¤£­n¡u©¿²¤¡v±Ï®¦ªº«H®§¡]¤G3¡^¡F¤£­n¡u³Q²^¨O¡v¡]¥|1¡A·sĶ¡^¡A§Y¬O³Q±Æ©Ú©ó¦w®§ªºªù¥~¡F¤£­nÅܱoµL¥Î¡]¤»7-8¡^¡B¡u¾Ó«å¡v¡]¤»12¡^©M¡u¯h­Â¦Ç¤ß¡v¡]¤Q¤G3¡^¡F¤£­n¡u³Q¦U¼Ë©Ç²§ªº±Ð°V¤Ä¤Þ¤F¥h¡v¡]¤Q¤T9¡^¡C§@ªÌ³d³Æ¥L­Ì¦bÄÝÆFªº°l¨D¤W°±º¢¤£«e¡]¤­11-14¡^¡A­n¥L­Ì«ù©w©Ò©Ó»{ªº¹D¡]¥|14¡^¡A¡u°í©w¤£²¾¦a«ù¦u§Ú­Ì©Ò«Å»{ªº¬ß±æ¡v¡]¤Q23¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F²æ¥h¸oªºÄñ²Ö¡]¤Q¤G1¡^¡F¨Ï¡u³n®zªº½¥»\¡v­è±j°_¨Ó¡A¡u¨«¦bµ§ª½ªº¸ô¤W¡v¡]¤Q¤G12¡B13¡A²{¤¤¡^¡C§@ªÌ¤SÄU«j¥L­Ì­n¶¶ªA¥L­Ìªº»â³S¡]¤Q¤T17¡^¡A¦b°ò·þ®{¸sÅ餤©¼¦¹¬Û·R¡B¤¬¬ÛÀ°§U¡]¤T13¡A¤Q24-25¡A¤Q¤T1-3¡^¡C

¡]¤G¡^¥t¤@Ãþªº¸Ü´£¤Î¦Ü¤Ö³o¼Ëªº¥i¯à¡G¹ï¯«ªº¦®·N¥D°Êªº¡B¬Æ©Î¥Ã¤[ªº­I«q¡C§@ªÌ´£¨ì¡u¦sµÛ¤£«Hªº´c¤ß¡A§â¥Ã¥Í¯«Â÷±ó¡vªº¦MÀI¡]¤T12¡^¡F´£¨ì¹³Ãm³¥¤@¥Nªº¥H¦â¦C¥Á¡u¨º¤£«H±qªº¼Ë¤l¡v¡]¥|11¡^¡A¨º¬OÅãÅS¦b¯«­±«eªº¡]¥|12-13¡^¡F´£¨ì¡uÂ÷±ó¥¿¹D¡K¡K§â¤W«Òªº¨à¤l°v¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡A¤½µM²Û°d¥L¡v¡]¤»6¡A²{¤¤¡^¡F´£¨ì¡u¬G·N¥Ç¸o¡v¡]¤Q26¡^¡A³o¸oµ¥©ó¡u½î½ñ¯«ªº¨à¤l¡A±N¡K¡K¬ùªº¦å·í§@¥­±`¡v¡]¤Q29¡^¡F´£¨ì¡u¦³¬r®Ú¥Í¥X¨Ó¡K¡K¥s²³¤Hªg¬V¦Ã©¡v¡]¤Q¤G15¡^¡F´£¨ì©ÚÅ¥¤W«ÒªºÁn­µ¡]¤Q¤G25¡^¡F¤S¹ð¦¸ÄU³ëŪªÌ­n°í«H¨ì©³¡]¤T6¡B14¡A¤»11¡^¡CÁöµM§@ªÌ±q¨S¦³»¡ÅªªÌ¤¤¤w¸g¦³¤H¥Ç¤F­I¹D¤§¸o¡]¤»10´£¥Ü¬Û¤Ïªº±¡ªp¡^¡A¦ý¬O¥L½×¤Î­I¹D¤§¸o®É©Ò¥ÎªºÄY¼Fªº¸Ü¡]¤G3¡A¤»8¡A¤Q29-31¡A¤Q¤G29¡^¡AÅã¥Ü¥L¥²µM»{¬°¨º¬O¤@ºØ¯u¹êªº¦MÀI¡C

¡]¤T¡^®Ñ¤¤¤S´£¨ì¤@¨Çªñ¥G¹G­¢ªº¥~¨ÓÀ£¤O¡GŪªÌ¦b«H¥D«áªº¦­´Á´¿¨ü¸Õ·Ò¡]¤Q32-34¡^¡A¥L­Ì¦p¤µ¤S¹J¨ì¸Õ·Ò¡]¤G18¡A°Ñ¥|15¡^©M­â°d¡]¤Q¤T13¡^¡A¦Ó¥B¸Õ·Ò¥i¯à¶Vµo¥[¼@¡A¤]³\¦Ü¨ì¦³¤H·|®î¹Dªº¦a¨B¡]¤Q¤G4¡^¡C

±q§@ªÌªº¸Ü¬Ý¨Ó¡AŪªÌ²{¦b¬O³B©ó«H¤ßªº¦M¾÷¤§¤¤¡G¥L­Ì¹ï©Ò¤w±µ¨üªº±Ï®¦«H®§Åã±o´²º©¤F¡A¦³¨Ç¤H¬Æ¦Ü¦³¡uÀH¬y¥¢¥h¡vªº¦MÀI¡]¤G1-4¡^¡F§@ªÌ·t¥Ü¡A¥L­Ì¤£¦A²âÅ¥¤W«Ò¦b¸t¸g¤Î¦bÁ¿¹D¤¤©Òµo¥XªºÁn­µ¡]¤G1¡F¤T7b-¥|13¡A¤­11¡A¤Q¤G25¡^¡A§Y¬O¤£Ä@·N±´¨sºÖ­µ¹ï¥Í©Rªº¹ê»Ú§t·N¡A¨Ã¥H«H¤ß©M¶¶±q¦^À³¤§¡F¥L­ÌÅãµM¤w±q«H¥D«á¥¼´X©ÒÅã¥Xªº«i´±¨£ÃÒ¢w¢w»P­C¿q¹B°Ê»{¦P¡B§Ô¨ü¤½¶}ªº­â°d¡BºÊ¸T¤Î¥¢¥h²£·~¡]¤Q32-34¡^¢w¢w°hÁY¤U¨Ó¡A¦p¤µÅܱo¿ð¶w¡B¾Ó«å¡B¯h­Â¦Ç¤ß¡B¯h³Æ¤£®¶¡]¤­11¡A¤»12¡A¤Q¤G3¡B12-13¡^¡CÄÝÆFªº§N²H©M´k©Ê¦ÛµM¦a«I»k¥L­Ìªº«H¤ß©M¬ß±æ¡]°Ñ¤T6¡A¤»18-20¡A¤Q23-25¡A¤Q¤@1¡^¡C¥L­Ì·í¤¤¤w¦³¤H¤£¦A°Ñ¥[»E·|¡]¤Q25¡^¡A¨ä¾lªº¤H­n¦b¤@­Ó¹ï¥L­Ì¦s¼Ä·NªºªÀ·|¤¤¡]¤Q¤G3-4¡^«ù¦u°ò·þ®{¨£ÃÒ¡A©Ò¸g¾úªºÀ£¤O¨Ï¥L­Ì·P¨ì¯h­Â¥F¤O¡C¦b³oºØ«H¤ßªº¦M¾÷¤¤¡A§@ªÌ¯S§OÃö¤ß­Ó§Oªº«H®{¡A¦]¬°­Y¦³¤H¹ï­I¹D¤§¸Õ±´©}ªA¡A¦¹¸o«K·|¦³½¯©µªº¦MÀI¡]¤T12¡B13¡A¥|1¡B11¡A¤»11¡A¤Q¤G15¡^¡CÁöµM¥~¨ÓªºÀ£¤O¡]¹G­¢¡^¬O­Ó¦]¯À¡]¤Q¤G4¡A¤Q¤T13¡^¡A¥D¦A¨ÓªºÀ³³\©|«Ý¹ê²{¦ü¥G¤]¬O­Ó¦]¯À¡]¤Q25¡B35-39¡^¡A3ÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¥~¨Óªº±Ð°V¦V¥L­Ì©Û¤â¡]¤Q¤T9¡^¡A¦ýŪªÌ§óÅãµÛªº°ÝÃD¬O¥L­Ìªº«H¤ß°Ê·n¡B¬ß±æ³Q«I»k¡F¦]¦¹§@ªÌ·¥¬°Ãöª`¡A±©®£ÅªªÌ¤¤¦³¤H¦]¤£¤p¤ß¦Ó¦Ü²×¥D°Êªº¡B¬G·Nªº©Úµ´¤F¤W«Òªº®¦¨å¡A±q¦Ó¦b·s¬ùªº¸sÅ餤µL¤À¡]¤T12-15¡A¥|1¡B11¡A¤»4-8¡A¤Q26-31¡A¤Q¤G15-17¡B25-29¡^¡C4

­Õ­Y¡]¦p¤W¤G¸`©Ò«Øijªº¡^ŪªÌ¬O±qµS¤Ó±ÐÂk«H°ò·þ±Ðªº¡A¥L­Ì¤S¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@­Ó¦a¤è±Ð·|¡A¦b¨ºùصS¤Ó±Ð¡]¦ý«D°ò·þ±Ð¡^¬O¨üù°¨«Ò°ê®e³\ªº¡u¦Xªk¡v©v±Ð¡F«hŪªÌ«Ü¥i¯à¸g±`¨ü¨ì¤@­Ó¸Õ±´¡A´N¬O­n¤£±j½Õ¡]§C½Õ³B²z¡^¡BÁôÂáB©¿µø¡B©ñ±ó¥L­Ì«H¥õ¤¤¨º¿W¯S¦a¬O°ò·þ±Ðªº¤@­±¡A¨Ã¦b¹J¨ì¦M¾÷®É©Úµ´©M§_»{¨º¿W¯Sªº¤@­±¡C5´«¥y¸Ü»¡¡AŪªÌ­±¹ïªº¬O­I¹Dªº¦MÀI¡A¦Ó®Ñ¤¤¦h¦¸ÄY¼FªºÄµ§i¸Ü¡A¥ç¬O°w¹ï­I¹Dªº¸o¦Óµoªº¡CÁöµM§@ªÌªºÃöª`¬O¦b©óŪªÌ¤£­nÂ÷±ó°ò·þ¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¦b©ó¥L­ÌÂ÷±ó°ò·þ«á¦^¨ì¬Æ»ò¡A¦ý¥þ®Ñ¤@³e¥H§Q¥¼ªº²½ªÁ¨î«×»P°ò·þªº²½¥q¤u§@§@¹ï¤ñ¡A¨Ï§Ú­Ì¥i¦X²z¦a±À½×¡AŪªÌªº¸Õ±´¬Oªð¦^µS¤Ó±Ð¡F6¤Q¤T³¹¤Q¤T¸`¤ä«ù³o­Ó±À½×¢w¢w¡u¥X¨ìÀç¥~¡v·N§Y¡uÂ÷¶}µS¤Ó±ÐªºÀç¹õ¡v¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ³Ì«á¤G¬q¡^¡C¦]¦¹¡A§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªº­ì¦]¡A´N¬OŪªÌ¦]«H¤ß³n®z¦Ó¦³©ñ±ó°ò·þ±Ð«H¥õ¡Bªð¦^µS¤Ó±ÐªùÂe¤§¤Uªº¦MÀI¡F§@ªÌ¼g¦¹®Ñªº¥Øªº¡A´N¬O­n¨¾¤î¥L­Ì³o¼Ë§@¡C¥L¤@¤è­±¥H·¥ÄY¼Fªº¸Üĵ§i¥L­Ì­I¹Dªº¥Ã¤[µ²ªG¡F¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¥L¿n·¥¦a±N°ò·þ´y¼g¬°¤W«Ò³Ì«á¤Î¦Ü§¹¥þªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¤W«Ò¬°Í¢ªº¤l¥Á¡]¤£½×¬O¬ù©Î·s¬ùªº¤l¥Á¡^©Ò©wªº¤@¤Á¦®·N¡A³£¦b°ò·þ¨­¤W§¹¦¨¤F¡C°ò·þ¤×¨ä¬O¥H¤j²½¥qªº¨­¤À¡AÄm¤W¤F¦Û¤v¬°§¹¥þªº²½Äm¡A¤@¦¸¦Ó¬°¥Ã»·¦a¦¨´N¤F¬ùªº²½ªÁ¨î«×¤Î¨ä¬¹²½©Ò¹w¥Ü¡B«oµLªk¦¨´NªºÅ«¸o¤§¤u¡C¬G¦¹¡A«ù¦u°ò·þªº«KÀò±o¤@¤Á¡A©ñ±ó°ò·þªº«K¥¢¥h¤@¤Á¡C7

 

1 So, correctly, Lane II c¡FKu/emmel. INT 390.

2 Ellingworth 78-79.

3 Arowele ('Pilgrim People' 447)»{¬°³o´N¬OŪªÌ¦M¾÷ªº®Ú·½¡C

4 Cf. Lane II lvi-lvii, lxi-lxii.

5 Cf. Ellingworth 80.

6 Cf. Guthrie 33; NTI 689.

7 Cf. Ellingworth 80; Bruce III 9. See also Attridge II 13a; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 403-04; Drane, INT 431; Gun-dry, Survey 332; EBD 475a; Lehne 16-17,103-04,120; Moule, 'Sanctuary and Sacrifice' 36-37. Lindars 13-14 (cf. 'Rhetorical Structure' 390; 'Hebrews and Temple' 413-17, 429-32)»{¬°¡AŪªÌ±ýªð¦^µS¤Ó±Ð¡A¬O¦]¥L­Ì»{¬°ºÖ­µ¥¼¯à¸Ñ¨M¥L­Ì¦³¸oªº¨}¤ßªº°ÝÃD¡F¦¹»¡¬°Dunn (Partings of Ways 88)©Ò±µ¯Ç¡CIsaacs (67¡A75¡A77-78¡A101¡A223)«h»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñ¬O§@ªÌ¹ï¸t·µ³Q·´¦Ó¤Þ°_ªº«H¤ß¦M¾÷©Ò§@ªº¦^À³¡C¦³Ãö¥»®Ñªº¼g§@­ì¦]©M¥Øªº¨ä¥Lªº¨£¸Ñ¡A¥i°ÑIsaacs 24-27;Guthrie, NTI 689-95.

 

¸v¡@¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á

­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡]¤Ê¤»1-6¡^´¿¦h¦¸¤Þ¥Î§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¤@³¹¡A³oªí¥Ü¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¥²µM¬O¦­©ó­²§Q§K³ü®Ñªº¡C«áªÌ³q±`³Q»{¬°¬O¼g©ó¥D«á96¦~¡A1¦ý¦¹ÂI·sªñ¨ü¨ì½èºÃ¡F¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¸Ó®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70/80¦Ü140¦~¶¡¡C2³o¼Ë¤@¨Ó¡A§Ú­Ì«K¤£¯à­Ê¾a­²§Q§K³ü®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¨Ó¸û·Ç½T¦aÂ_©w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Ì¿ðªº¦¨®Ñ¤é´Á¤F¡C

®Ú¾Ú¤G³¹¤T¸`¡A§@ªÌ©MŪªÌ¡]¡u§Ú­Ì¡v¡^³£¬O±q­C¿q¶Ç¹D¤u§@ªº¥ØÀ»ªÌ¨ºùرo»DºÖ­µªº¡F³o¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¥i¯à¬O¦b­C¿q´_¬¡«á¨º¨Ç¦~¶¡¨³³t¦a§âºÖ­µ¶Ç¨ìŪªÌ¨ºùØ¡A¤S¥i¯à¬O¦h¦~¤§«á¤~§âºÖ­µ¶Ç©èŪªÌ¡C¤£¹L¡A³o¨Ç¥ØÀ»ªÌ¦ü¥G¦bŪªÌªº¸sÅ餤§êºt¤F»â¾Éªº¨¤¦â¡A¦Ó¥L­Ì²{¤µ¤w¸g¥h¥@¡]¤Q¤T7¡^¡F¥[¤WŪªÌ«H¥D¤w¦³¤@¬q¤£µuªº®É¶¡¡]¤­12¡F¤Q32-34¡^¡A¬G¦¹¡A¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á¥i¯à¤£·|¦­¹L¥D«á50©Î60¦~¡C3¥t¤@¤è­±¡A§@ªÌ»¡¡u´£¼¯¤Ó¤w¸gÄÀ©ñ¤F¡v¡]¤Q¤T23¡^¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®ÑÅãµM¬O´£¼¯¤Ó¦b¥Í¤§®É¼g¦¨ªº¡F´£¼¯¤Ó¬O¬ù©ó¥D«á49¦~¥[¤J«Oùªº«Å±Ð¦æ¦Cªº¡]°Ñ®{¤Q¤»1-3¡^¡A¤£¹L¡A§Ú­Ì¤£ª¾¹D´£¼¯¤Ó·í®É¦³¦h¤j¦~¬ö¡C°²­Y´£¼¯¤Ó·í®É¬O­Ó¬ù¤G¤Q·³ªº«C¦~¤H¡A¤S°²­Y¥L³QÄÀ©ñ®É¤w¦³¤»¡B¤C¤Q·³¡A«h¥»®Ñ³Ì¿ðªº¼g§@¤é´Á«K¬O¥D«á90¦Ü100¦~¶¡¡C4¥Ñ¦¹¬Ý¨Ó¡A¥»®Ñªº¼g§@¤é´Á³Ì¥i¯àªº½d³ò¬O¥D«á60¦Ü100¦~¤§¶¡¡C5

¦b³o¤j«eÃD¤U¡A¤@­Ó¥D­n¬Ýªk»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¤@¥@¬öªº¥½´Á¡G¤G³¹¤T¸`¸ò¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ¤@³¹¤G¸`ªº¤å¦r¤Q¤À¬Û¦ü¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ§@ªÌ¬OÄÝ©ó¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ¤Î¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤§§@ªÌ¨º¤@¥Nªº¤H¡F¥»®Ñ»P­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡A¬Æ©Î±Ò¥Ü¿ý¡A¥H¤Î»P¸ô¥[ªº¤@¨Ç«ä·Qªº±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A³£«ü¦V¤@¥@¬ö¥½¡A§Y¦h¦Ì¥Ðªº®É´Á¡]81-96¦~¡^¡FŪªÌ©Ò¸g¾ú¹Lªº¹G­¢¡]¤Q32-34¡^¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ»P¸ô¥[ºÖ­µ¤Î¨Ï®{¦æ¶ÇÄÝÆF¤è­±ªºªñ¦ü¡A«ü¦V«Où¤§«áªº®É´Á¡A¦ÓŪªÌ©Ò­±Á{·sªº­WÃøªº«Â¯Ù¡]¤Q¤G4¡^«h¥i¯à«ü¦V¦h¦Ì¥Ðªº®É´Á¡A¬G¦¹¥»®Ñ¥i¯à¬O¼g©ó80¦Ü90¦~¶¡¡C6

¥t¤@­Ó¥D­n¬Ýªk«h»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70¦~¤§«eªº¡C¡]¤@¡^¤Q³¹¤Ê¤G¦Ü¤Ê¥|¸`´y¼g¤FŪªÌ©Ò´¿¸g¾úªº­WÃø¡B­â°d¡BºÊ¸T¤Î°]ª«¤§·l¥¢¡A¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«hªí¥ÜŪªÌ·í¤¤©|¥¼¦³¤H®î¹D¡C­YŪªÌ¬O¦bù°¨ªº¤@­Ó®a®x±Ð·|¡]¨£²Ä¤G¸`¡uŪªÌ©Ò¦b¦a¡vªº°Q½×¡^¡A¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«K¥i¯àªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥§¸S¤ý¹G®`±Ð·|¡]65¦~¡^¤§«eªº¡A¦]¬°¦b¸Ó¦¸ªº¹G®`¤¤¤£¤Ö°ò·þ®{³à¥Í¡C«ö¦¹¤F¸Ñ¡A¤Q³¹¤Ê¤G¦Ü¤Ê¥|¸`¥i«ü³¡¤ÀŪªÌ¦b¥D«á49¦~­²¦Ñ¥á¤U¥OÅX³vµS¤Ó¤HÂ÷¶}ù°¨¤@¨Æ¤Wªº¸g¾ú¡G¥Ñ©ó«H¥D»P¤£«H¥DªºµS¤Ó¤H¦bù°¨µo¥Í¿E¯Pªºª§ÅG¡A¬Æ¦ÜºtÅܬ°¼É¶Ã¡A­²¦Ñ¥á¹E¤U¥O±N¬°¦¹¦¸¨Æ¥ó­t³dªº·|°ó¤Î±Ð·|»â³SÅX³v¥X¹Ò¡A¦Ó­º·í¨ä½Äªº´N¬OµS¤Ó°ò·þ®{¡C¹ï©ó³Q³v¥X¹Òªº¤H¨Ó»¡¡A¨ü¨ì¤½¶}ªº­â°d¡A¤×¨ä¬O¾D¨ü°]ª«ªº·l¥¢¡A¬O¥¿±`ªº±¡ªp¡C7

¡]¤G¡^§@ªÌ±`¥Î²{¦b®ÉºA¨Ó´y¼g§Q¥¼¨î«×ªº²½ªÁ§»ö¡]¤­1¡A¤C5¡B8¡A¤K3¡A¤E6¡B7¡B8¡B9¡B13¡B22¡B25¡A¤Q1¡B4¡B8¡B11¡A¤Q¤T11¡^¡C¦¹²{¶H¥»¨­ªº·N¸q¤£¤j¡A¦]¬°¤@¨ÇªÖ©w¬O¤C¤Q¦~¤§«áªº§@«~¤]¬O¥Î²{¦b®ÉºA¨Ó´y¼g¬ù«ßªkªºÂ§»ö¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¬ù·æ¤Ò¡B­²§Q§K³ü®Ñ¡^¡F¦Ó¥B§@ªÌ©Ò´y­zªº¤£¬O¸t·µªºÂ§»ö¡A¦Ó¬O·|¹õªºÂ§»ö¡A¦]¦¹¡A¥L¥HÄÀ¸gªÌªº¨­¤À¨Ó´y¼g·|¹õªºÂ§»ö®É¡A¦ÛµM¬O±q²{¦bªº¨¤«×´y¼g¥¦¡C8¤£¹L¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@¨Ç¸g¤å¡A¥Î¥H¤Wªº¸ÑÄÀ¬O¤£¯à¥O¤Hº¡·Nªº¡C¨Ò¦p¡G¤Q³¹¤@¦Ü¤T¸`»¡¡G­Y§Q¥¼¨î«×¯à¨Ï¤H±o¥H§¹¥þ¡A¡uÄm²½ªº¨Æ°Z¤£¦­¤w¤î¦í¤F¶Ü¡S¦]¬°Â§«ôªº¤H¡A¨}¤ß¬J³Q¼ä²b¡A´N¤£¦Aı±o¦³¸o¤F¡C¦ý³o¨Ç²½ª«¬O¥s¤H¨C¦~·Q°_¸o¨Ó¡v¡]°Ñ¤Q11¡B18¡^¡C­Õ­YÄm²½ªº¨Æ¦b·í®É¹ê¦b¤w¸g°±¤î¤F¡A§Ú­Ì«ÜÃø·Q¹³§@ªÌ·|¹ï³oùتº¸Ü¤£¥[­×§ï©Îµû½×¡]°Ñ¤Q2µùÄÀ­º¬q¥½¡^¡F³o´N·t¥Ü¡AÄm²½ªº¨Æ©|¥¼¤î¦í¬O¤@¥ó¨Æ¹ê¡A¦¹¨Æ¹ê¹ï§@ªÌ¦b³oùتº½×ÂI¦³°ò¥»ªº­«­n©Ê¡C¤C³¹¤Q¤@¦Ü¤Ü¤K¸`±N°ò·þ¤£»Ý§ó´«ªº¤j²½¥q¾¥ô¡A»P¤£Â_Ä~©Óªº§Q¥¼¤j²½¥q¾¥ô§@¹ï¤ñ¡F­Õ­Y¤j²½¥qªºÄ~¥ô¨Æ¹ê¤W¤w¦]¸t·µ³Q·´¦Ó°±¤î¤F¡A§Ú­ÌÃø¥H¬Û«H¦¹¨Æ¹ê·|§¹¥þ¤£¼vÅT§@ªÌ¦b¥»¬qªº½×ÃҤ覡¡C­Y¸t·µ¤w¸g³Q·´¡B¨C¤éÄm²½¤§¨Æ¤w¸g¤î¦í¡A³o®ø®§¥²µM·|¨³§Y¶Ç¨ì©Ò¦³¬y¾E¤§µS¤Ó¤H¡F­Y¦¹®ø®§¤w©è¹F§@ªÌªº¦Õ¤¤¡A¥L«o¦b®Ñ¤¤¹ï¦¹¨Æ°¦¦r¤£´£¡A³o¬O¥O¤HÃø¥H¸m«Hªº¡C9ÁöµM³o¬O¤@ºØ¡u½pÀqÅGÃÒªk¡v¡A¦ý¬O¥Ñ©ó§@ªÌ¦b²Ä¤­¦Ü¤Q³¹ªº¾ã­Ó½×ÂI´N¬O¡A§Q¥¼¨î¥q¨î«×¤Î¨ä¤Uªº²½ªÁ§»ö¦p¤µ¤w³Q¹³³Á°ò¬~¼w¤@¼Ëªº¤j²½¥q°ò·þªºÂ¾¨Æ©Ò¨ú¥N¡A¸t·µªº³Q·´¡]¦Ó¸t·µªº²½ªÁ­ì«h¤W¬O·|¹õ²½ªÁ¤§©µÄò¡^¤ÎÄm²½¤§¨Æªº°±¤î¡A¹ï§@ªÌªº¦¹¤@½×ÂI¥¿¦n´£¨Ñ¤F¨M©w©Êªº½×¾Ú¢w¢w¡u¤W«Ò®e³\¸t·µ³Q·´¡BÄm²½¤§¨Æ³Q­¢µ²§ôªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¨M©w©Ê¦aªí©ú¤F¤W«Ò¤£¦A»Ý­nªº²½¥q¨î«×©M²½ªÁ§»ö¡C¡v¦]¦¹¡A§@ªÌ¨S¦³´£¤Î¸t·µ³Q·´³o¤@ÂI¡A´Nºc¦¨¤F¦³¤Oªº¡u±À©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡v¡Aªí¥Ü¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«á70¦~¸t·µ³Q·´¤§«e¡F¦ÓÃÒ©ú¨Æ¹ê¨Ã«D¦p¦¹ªº³d¥ô¡A«K¸¨¦b»{¬°¥»®Ñ¬O¼g©ó70¦~«áªº¤Hªº¨­¤W¤F¡C10

Á`µ²¥H¤Wªº°Q½×¡A¥»®Ñªº¤ºÃÒ¸û¬°¤ä«ù¥D«á70¦~¤§«eªº¦¨®Ñ¤é´Á¡F¤Q¤G³¹¥|¸`«h¶i¤@¨B´£¥Ü¡A¦¹®Ñ¥i¯à¬O¦b¥D«á65¦~¥§¸S¤ý¦bù°¨¹G®`°ò·þ®{¤§«eªº¤£¤[¡]¦ý¤£¬O«Ü¤[¡^¼g¦¨ªº¡C11

 

1 Cf. D. F. Wright, NIDCC 235a.

2 Cf. Lane II lxii-lxiii; Attridge II 7; Carson-Moo-Morris 398; Ellingworth 29-30.

3 Cf. Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 398; Lane II lxii.

4 Cf. Ellingworth 30; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 398.

5 So Attridge II 9.

6 ¨Ì¦¸¨£¡GPerrin, INT 137; E. Dinkler, IBD 2.573a; Ku/emmel, INT 403. Cf. EDB 475b ¡]80-85¦~¡^; Kistemaker 16 ¡]80-85¦~¡^; H. M. Parker, as reported in NTA ¡±24 (1980) - 560¡]¦h¦Ì¥Ð¥ô´Á¤§¥½´Á¡^¡C

7 Cf. Lane II lxiv-lxvi; Ellingworth 31. See also Robinson, Redating 211; Bruce III 269; Guthrie 29; Drane, INT 431b. Isaacs 31-32«h»{¬°¤Q32-34«Ü¤£¥i¯à¬O«ü49¦~ªº¨Æ¡C

8 Cf. E. Dinkler, IDB 2.573a; Lane II lxiii; Isaacs 42.

9 Cf. Robinson, Redating 202-04; Carson-Moo-Morris, INT 399-400; Ellingworth 32.

10 Cf. Manson, 'Problem of Hebrews' 251-52; Ellis, 'Dating the New Testament' 488; Robinson, Redating 205. ¡u±À©wªºÃÒ¾Ú¡v§Y­^¤åªº'presumptive proof'.

11 So, e.g., Bruce III 21; Guthrie, NTI 705; Ellingworth 33; Barclay I 55-56; Milligan 51¡]63/64¦~¡^¡C¨ä¥Lªº«Øij¥]¬A¡G¥D«á67¦~(Westcott xlii; Robinson, Redating 215); 64¦~¡]ù°¨µI«°¡^¦Ü68¦~¡]¥§¸S¦Û©Ï¡^¤§¶¡(Lane II lxvi); µS¤Ó¤H»Pù°¨¤H¤§¾ÔÃzµo¤§«á¡]Harrison, INT 380¡^. ¥t°ÑEllingworth 33 n.105©Ò¦C¤§·N¨£¡C

 

¥î¡@¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬¤Îµ²ºc

    Ãþ«¬{\LinkToBook:TopicID=122,Name=Ãþ«¬}

    µ²ºc{\LinkToBook:TopicID=123,Name=µ²ºc}

Ãþ«¬

¦b·s¬ùªº¥j¨÷¶Ç²ÎùØ¡A§Æ§B¨Ó®ÑÁ`¬O¸ò«Oùªº®Ñ«H³s¦b¤@°_ªº¡A±Ð·|ªº¶Ç²Î¥ç¤@ª½¥H¡u®Ñ«H¡v¤@µü¨ÓºÙ¥»®Ñ¡A³o¨âÂI³£¬O§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ³Q´y¼g¬°¤@«Ê«Hªº²z¥Ñ¡C1¤£¹L¡A¥»®Ñ¶}©l®É¨ÃµL¤@¯ë·s¬ù®Ñ«H¡]¬ù¿«³ü®Ñ°£¥~¡^©Ò¦³ªº¨÷­º°Ý¦w»y¡A¦Ó¬O¥H¤@¤Q¤À¤u¾ã©MÀu¶®ªº§¹¥þ¥y¡]¤@1-4¡^§@¬°¥þ®Ñªº¤Þ¨¥¡A´N¹³¤@½g½×¤åªº§Ç¨¥¤@¼Ë¡F³o¤Þ¨¥¬O¥»®Ñ¯u¥¿ªº§Ç¨¥¡A¦b¥¦ªº«e­±¤£¥i¯à¦³¥t¤@¬q¤µ¤w¥¢¶Çªº­ì¨Óªº¨÷­º»y¡]°Ñ¤@1-4µùÄÀ¤Þ¨¥¥½¬qµ²§À¡^¡CÁöµM¦³ÄÀ¸gªÌ»{¬°¡A¥»®Ñªº­ì½Z¥i¯à¦³¤@´£¨Ñ¦³Ãö¥»®Ñªº¸ê®Æªº­º­¶¡A¬O¶K¦b¥»®Ñ«e­±ªº¡A¦¹­¶¥i¯à·N¥~¦a»P¥»®Ñªº¥»Åé¤À¶}¤F¡A©Î¬O¨ä«á¦³¤H±N¥»®Ñ§Û¤@¥÷µ¹¦³§O©ó­ìŪªÌªº¥t¤@¯Z¤Hªº®É­Ô¡A»{¬°­º­¶¤£¦A¦X¥Î¦Ó¬G·N§â¥¦¬Ù±¼¡F¤£¹L¡A¦¹»¡§¹¥þ¨S¦³¥j¨÷ªº¥~ÃÒ¤ä«ù¡A±Ä¦¹»¡ªºÄÀ¸gªÌ¦Û¤v¤]©Ó»{³o¬O¦¹»¡ªº§xÃø¡C2¦¹¥~¡A­Y¦³¡u½sªÌ¡v±N­º­¶§R¥h¡A¥L¤j©è¤]¤£·|Åý²Ä¤Q¤T³¹«O«ù­ìª¬¡C3¤]³\§@ªÌ®Ú¥»µL·N·Ó¨¬§Æþ«H¥¾ªº®æ¦¡¡A­Y¬O³o¼Ë¡A¥»®Ñ¨ÃµL¨÷­º°Ý¦w»yªº·N¸q«K¤£¤Ó¤j¤F¡C4¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A³oºØ²{¶H¦b·s¬ù¨Ã«D¥»®Ñ¶È¦³ªº¡G¬ù¿«³ü®Ñ¬JµL¨÷­º°Ý¦w»y¡A¥çµL«H¥½µ²»y¡F¶®¦U®Ñ¥H®Ñ«Hªº®æ¦¡¶}©l¡A¦ýµ²§ô±o«Ü¬ðµM¡C

§@ªÌºÙ¥þ®Ñ¬°¤@½g¡uÄU«jªº¸Ü¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡^¡A³o´N¬°§Ú­Ì´y¼g¤F¥»®Ñªº¤å¾Ç©Ê½è¢w¢w¥»®Ñªº¥DÅé¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡]°Ñ¸Ó¸`µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡A¬O»P¬y¾E¤§µS¤Ó¤Hªº·|°ó¤¤ªºÁ¿¹D¦PÃþªº¡C³o¬O²{¤µ´¶¹M³Q±µ¯Çªºµ²½×¡C5§@ªÌ§Þ¥©¦aµ¹¤©ÅªªÌ¤@­Ó¦L¶H¡A´N¬O¥L¨­³B¥L­Ì·í¤¤¦V¥L­ÌÁ¿¹D¡Gª½¦Ü«H¥½ªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^¤@¬q¬°¤î¡A§@ªÌ¥Î¤ß¦aÁקK´£¤Î¼g©ÎŪµ¥¦r²´¡]³o¨Ç¦r²´·|²£¥Í§@ªÌ»PŪªÌ¤§¶¡ªº¶ZÂ÷·P¡^¡A¦Ó¬O±j½Õ»¡©MÅ¥ªº¦æ°Ê¡A¨Ã¥Bª½±µ»PŪªÌ»{¦P¡G¡u§Ú­Ì©Ò»¡±N¨Óªº¥@¬É¡A¯«­ì¨S¦³¥æµ¹¤Ñ¨ÏºÞÁÒ¡v¡]¤G5¡^¡F¡u½×¨ì³Á°ò¬~¼w¡A§Ú­Ì¦³¦n¨Ç¸Ü¡e­n»¡¡f¡A¨Ã¥BÃø¥H¸Ñ©ú¡A¦]¬°§A­ÌÅ¥¤£¶i¥h¡v¡]¤­11¡^¡F¡u¿Ë·Rªº§Ì¥S­Ì¡A§Ú­ÌÁö¬O³o¼Ë»¡¡K¡K¡v¡]¤»9¡^¡F¡u§Ú­Ì©ÒÁ¿ªº¨Æ¡A¨ä¤¤²Ä¤@­nºòªº¡e©Î³»ÂI¡f¡A´N¬O¡K¡K¡v¡]¤K1¡^¡F¡u³o´X¥ó§Ú²{¦b¤£¯à¤@¤@²Ó»¡¡v¡]¤E5¡^¡F¡u§Ú¤S¦ó¥²¦A»¡©O¡S­Y­n¤@¤@²Ó»¡¡K¡K®É­Ô´N¤£°÷¤F¡v¡]¤Q¤@32¡^¡C6¦¹¥~¡A§@ªÌ¤S¥Î¤F³\¦hÃã¥O¦¡ªº§Þ­Ç¡A¨Ò¦pÃã¥O¦¡ªº°Ý¥y¡]¤@5¡B13¡B14¡A¤G3¡A¤T16-18¡A¤E14¡A¤Q29¡^¡C7±q¡uÃã¥O¤ÀªR¡vªº¨¤«×¬ã¨s§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¾ÇªÌµo²{¡A¤£½×´N¨äÅéµô©ÎÅGÃҤ覡¦Ó¨¥¡A¥»®Ñ³£¬O°ª«×Ãã¥O¦¡ªº¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡F¤£¹L¡AÁöµM¥»®Ñªº­×Ãã¾Ç¦P®É¦³¡]¥Ò¡^±j¤ÆŪªÌ¤w±µ¨ü¤§«H©À©M¡]¤A¡^ÄU»¡¥L­Ì§@¥¿½Tªº§à¾Ü¤ÎÁקK¤£¦X©yªº¦æ°Ê³o¨âºØ©Ê½è¡A¥»®Ñ«o¨Ã¤£§¹¥þ²Å¦X§ÆþÃã¥O¾Çªº¤â¥U©Ò´y¼gªºÃþ«¬¡F³oªí¥Ü§@ªÌ¼ô±x³o¨Ç­×Ãã¾Çªº®æ¦¡¡A«o«ö¥L¦Û¤vªº¥Øªº¦Ó¥[¥H­×§ï©M¹B¥Î¡C8

¥»®Ñ¥H«H¥¾ªº¤è¦¡µ²§ô¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^¡C¤£¹L¡A¡u§Ú¥u¬O²²¤¦aµ¹§A­Ì¼g¤F³o«Ê«H¡v¡]¤Q¤T22¡A«ä°ª¡^³o¸Ü¡A»P¥»®Ñ¥DÅé¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹ªº¨Æ¹ê¨ÃµL½Ä¬ð¡G¥»®Ñ°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@½gÁ¿³¹¡A¬O§@ªÌ­n¹ïŪªÌ¶ÇÁ¿ªº«H®§¡F¤£¹L¡A§@ªÌ¬°¤F¬Y¨Ç­ì¦]¥¼¯à¿Ë¦Û¦bŪªÌ·í¤¤¡]¤Q¤T19¡^¡A¦]¦¹¥L´N§â¥¦¼g¤U¨Ó¥H®Ñ«Hªº§Î¦¡¶Ç°eµ¹ÅªªÌ¡C9¤@¥@¬öªº§Æù¤å¤Æ°ò¥»¤W¬O¤@ºØµÛ­«¡u¤fÁ¿¡vªº¤å¤Æ¡A¦]¦¹¼g¦¨ªº¤å¦r¥ç¨üµÛ­×Ãã¾Çªº¼vÅT¡A¦Ó¤£½×Á¿³¹©Î«H¥¾³£¬O¥H¤f¶Ç¹Fªº¡]°Ñ¶¾:¡u©««eÄÀ¡v482¡^¡C10Á`¨¥¤§¡A¥»®Ñ³Ì©yµø¬°¤@½g¼g¦¨ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¥½«á¥[¤W´X¥y­Ó¤H©Êªºµ²»y¡]°Ñ¤Q¤T22µùÄÀ²Ä¤G¬q¡^¡C11

 

1 Cf. Lane II lxix-lxx¡FCarson-Moo-Morris 391.

2 Cf. Ellingworth 61-62.

3 So Westcott xxx.

4 So D. Guthrie, ISBER 2.664; NTI 712 n.3.

5 Cf., e.g., Lane II lxx-lxxiv; Attridge II 14a; Isaacs 18; Hagner, 'Interpreting Hebrews' 233; Collins, 'Hebrews' 21-23; Perrin, INT 137; Marxsen, INT 217; Johnson, Writings 413; Aune, The New Testament 212-14.

6 Cf. Michaels in New Testament Speaks 309; Lane II lxxiv-lxxv.

7 ¸Ô¨£MHT 4.107-08.

8 ¸Ô¨£Lane II lxxv-lxxx.

9 Cf. Ellingworth 60; Aune, The New Testament 213; Lindars, 'Rhetorical Structure' 383 n.2. ³Ì«á³o½g¤å³¹ªºÃD¥Ø³Qµû¬°'misleading' (Lane II lxxviii); Freyne ('Reading Hebrews' 88)¥ç¿×Lindars¹ï'rhetorical'¤@¦rªº¥Îªk¤Ó¹LÅ¢²Î¡C

10 Cf. Isaacs 18-19; Jobes, 'Hebrews 10:5-7' 185.

11 Martin (Foundations 2.350)»{¬°¥»®Ñ¥ç¥iºÙ¬°³Q©ñ¦b¤@½g½×¤å¤ºªºÁ¿¹D¶°('a collection of sermons brought together in a single treatise'). ¤£¹L¡A¦Ü¤Ö´N¥»®Ñªº²{ª¬¦Ó½×¡A¥¦¬O¤@½g¤@®ð¨þ¦¨ªºÁ¿³¹¡A¦Ó¤£¬O±N¤£¦PªºÁ¿³¹¶°¦X¦Ó¦¨ªºµ²ªG¡C

 

µ²ºc

Ãö©ó§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñªº¤å¾Çµ²ºc¡AÄÀ¸gªÌ¨ÃµL¤@­Pªº·N¨£¡C¸Ô²Óªº°Q½×¥i°Ñ³s°¶·G¤Î¦ãÆF°¶ªºµùÄÀ¡C12­È±o¯S§O¯d·Nªº¤@ÂI¡A´N¬O­Y®Ú¾Ú§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¤å¾Ç§Þ­Ç¤ÀªR¦Ó±oªº®æ¦¡¡]µ²ºc¡^»P¤º®e²æ¸`¡A³o´NÅܦ¨§â¤º®e§á¬n¤F¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¹ï¤º®e¥[¥H¼á²M¡F13¦]¦¹¡A¦Ü¤Ö¦³¨Ç®É­Ô¡A¤º®e¤è­±ªº¦Ò¼{¤ñ¯ÂÄݤå¾Çµ²ºc¤è­±ªº«ü¼Ð¨Ó±o§ó­«­n¡C14¥»µùÄÀ©Ò±Ä¯Çªºµ²ºc¤ÀªR¡]¨£¥Ø¿ý¤§¤UªºµùÄÀ¤jºõ¡^¹Á¸Õ¹ï®æ¦¡©M¤º®e¤G¤è­±¦P®É­ÝÅU¡F¸Ô²Óªº²z¥Ñ¥i¨£©ó¨C¤@¤j¬q¡]³ü¡B¶L¡BúSµ¥¡^¤Î¦U¤À¬q¡]¤@¡B¤G¡B¤Tµ¥¡^ªº¤Þ¨¥³¡¤À¡C

 

12 Lane II lxxxiv-xcviii; Ellingworth 50-58. See also Attridge II 14-19; Vanhoye I; Vanhoye II. Vanhoye¡]¤¤Ä¶¥i§@¡u­SµØ¡v¡^ªº¤ÀªR³QKu/emmel (INT 390)µû¬°¡u²o±j¡v('contrived')¡A¥ç¨ü¨ì¨ä¥LÄÀ¸gªÌªº§åµû(e.g., Bligh, 'Structure'; Thornton, 'Review'; Swetnam, 'Hebrews 1-6'; idem, 'Hebrews 7-13'; Lindars, 'Rhetorical Structure' 392 n.2)¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡AMontefiore 31»{¬°­SµØªºµ²ºc¤ÀªR¨ã»¡ªA¤O¡CBlack ('Literary Structure' 176)¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X¡A­SµØªº¤ÀªR¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@ÂIÀ³´¶¹M³Q±µ¯Ç¡A´N¬O¥L©Ò«ü¥X§@ªÌ©Ò¥Îªº¦UºØ©úÅ㪺Åéµô¤Wªº§Þ­Ç¢w¢w¹w§iÃD¥Ø¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤G17¡A¡u·O´d©¾«Hªº¤j²½¥q¡v¡^¡B¹L´ç©Êªº¹_¦r¡]'hook-words'¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤@4/5¡A¡u¤Ñ¨Ï¡v¡^¡B¤å¾ÇÃþ«¬ªº§ïÅÜ¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤@5-14/¤G1-4¡^¡B¯S§Oªº¦rµü¡]¨Ò¦p¡G¤Q¤@³¹ªº¡u¦]µÛ«H¡v¡^¡A¥H¤Î«e«á©IÀ³¡]'inclusio'¡A¨Ò¦p¡G¤@5/13¡A¡u©Ò¦³ªº¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¯«±q¨Ó¹ï¨º¤@­Ó»¡¡K¡K¡v¡^¡C

13 Swetnam, 'Hebrews 1-6' 369: 'if form is too much divorced from content it can lead to a distortion of content, not a clarification.'

14 Cf. Lane II 204: 'In this case [8:1-13], considerations of content must take precedence over merely formal indications of literary structure.'

¤jºõ

    ¤Þ¨¥¡G¯«ÂǤl»¡¸Ü¡]¤@1-4¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=125,Name=¤Þ¨¥¡G¯«ÂǤl»¡¸Ü¡]¤@1-4¡^}

    ³ü¡@¯«¤l¥ç¬O¤j²½¥q¡]¤@5-¤G18¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=128,Name=³ü¡@¯«¤l¥ç¬O¤j²½¥q¡]¤@5-¤G18¡^}

    ¶L¡@·O´d©¾«Hªº°ò·þ¡]¤T1-¤­10¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=139,Name=¶L¡@·O´d©¾«Hªº°ò·þ¡]¤T1-¤­10¡^}

    úS¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¾¤À¡]¤­11-¤C28¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=160,Name=úS¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¾¤À¡]¤­11-¤C28¡^}

    ¸v¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¤u§@¡]¤K1-¤Q18¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=181,Name=¸v¡@°ò·þªº¤j²½¥q¤u§@¡]¤K1-¤Q18¡^}

    ¥î¡@·í¥H°í§Ô«ù¦u©Ò«H¡]¤Q19-¤Q¤G13¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=201,Name=¥î¡@·í¥H°í§Ô«ù¦u©Ò«H¡]¤Q19-¤Q¤G13¡^}

    ³°¡@³Ì«áªºÄU«j¤Î±Ð¾É¡]¤Q¤G14-¤Q¤T21¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=250,Name=³°¡@³Ì«áªºÄU«j¤Î±Ð¾É¡]¤Q¤G14-¤Q¤T21¡^}

        µ²»y¡Gªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^{\LinkToBook:TopicID=267,Name=µ²»y¡Gªþ¥[ªº¶µ¥Ø¡]¤Q¤T22-25¡^}

¢w¢w ¶¾½®©[¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡n

 

°Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø

¡]¦b®Ñ¤¤¥H§@ªÌ©m¦W©Î©m¤ó¤ÎÁYµuªº®Ñ¦W©Î¤å³¹ÃD¥Ø¤Þ­z¡^

        ¥Ò³¡¡G¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z{\LinkToBook:TopicID=273,Name=¥Ò³¡¡G¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z}

        ¤A³¡¡G­^¤å®Ñ¥Z{\LinkToBook:TopicID=274,Name=¤A³¡¡G­^¤å®Ñ¥Z}

        ¸É¥R®Ñ¥Ø{\LinkToBook:TopicID=275,Name=¸É¥R®Ñ¥Ø}

¥Ò³¡¡G¤¤¤å®Ñ¥Z

ªLºa¬xµÛ¡G  ¡u°ò·þ±Ð¯«¾Çµo®i¥v¡]¤@¡^¡Gªì´Á±Ð·|¡v¡]­»´ä¡A¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|1990¡^

©P¥Ã°·¡G    ¡u±qºaÄ£ªº²½¥q¾¤À¬Ý¨Æ©^¡v¡A¡u¨Æ©^ªº¤H¥Í¡v¡A§E¹F¤ß¡@¶¾½®©[¦X½s¡]­»´ä«Å¹D1982¡^¡A65-87

¬x¦P«jµÛ¡G  ¡u§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F¨â¨÷¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D199O, 1992¡^

¶À¿ü¤ì¡G    ¡u¤T¥»·s¬ù§Æþ¤åÃã¨åªº¤ñ¸û¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤Q¤T´Á¡]¤@¤E¤E¤G¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A­¶129-158

¶À¿ü¤ì¡G    ¡u»y¨¥¾Ç¡BÄÀ¸g¡BĶ¸g¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤E´Á¡]¤@¤E¤E¡³¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A­¶71-104

¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G  ¡u¯u²z»P¦Û¥Ñ¡G¥[©Ô¤Ó®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¼W­qª©¡A­»´äÃÒ¹D1987¡^

¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G  ¡uµÌ¥ß¤ñ®Ñ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1991¡e¤Gª©¡f¡^

¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G  ¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«e®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1989¡^

¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G  ¡u©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{«á®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1990¡^

¶¾½®©[µÛ¡G  ¡u®¦½ç»P¨Æ©^¡G«Où¯«¾ÇÂIºw¡v¡]¼W­qª©¡A­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1998¡^

¶¾½®©[¡G    ¡u·s¬ùªº¨Æ©^¡v¡A¡u¤¤°ê¯«¾Ç¬ã¨s°|´Á¥Z¡v¡A²Ä¤­´Á¡]¤@¤E¤K¤K¦~¤C¤ë¡^¡A­¶45-76

·¨¿üÃò¡G    ¡u¡y¨Æ©^¡z¡G¸t¸g¦r¸q¬ã¨s¡v¡A¡u¨Æ©^ªº¤H¥Í¡v¡A§E¹F¤ß¡@¶¾½®©[¦X½s¡]­»´ä«Å¹D1982¡^¡A41-64

Àj·|¶éµÛ¡G  ¡uù°¨®Ñ¡]¨÷¤W¡^¡v¡]¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1991¡^

Àj·|¶éµÛ¡G  ¡uºqù¦è®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1990/85¡^

ñK¬±°xµÛ¡G  ¡u¦ý¥H²z®ÑµùÄÀ¡v¡]¤Ñ¹DµùÄÀÂO®Ñ¡F­»´ä¤Ñ¹D1989¡^

 

¤A³¡¡G­^¤å®Ñ¥Z

Swetnam, J.                  [1~6] 'Form and Content in Hebrews 1~6', Bib 53 (1972) 368~85

Hurst, L. D.                  [1~2] 'The Christology of Hebrews 1 and 2', in The Glory of Christ in the New Testament (G. B. Caird FS), ed L. D. Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987), 151~64

Smothers, T. G.            [1:1~4:13] 'A Superior Model: Hebrews 1:1~4:13', RevExp 82 (1985) 333~43

Koops, R.                    [1] 'Chains of Contrasts in Hebrews 1', BibTrans 34 (1983) 220~25

Cockerill, G. L.            [1:1~14] 'Heb 1:1~14, 1 Clem. 36:1~6 and the High Priest Title', JBL 97 (1978) 437~40

Meier, J. P.                  [1:1~14] 'Structure and Theology in Heb 1:1~14', Bib 66 (1985) 168~89

Black, D. A.                 [1:1~4] 'Hebrews 1:1~4: A Study in Discourse Analysis', WTJ 49 (1987) 175~94

Ebert, IV, D. J.             [1:1~4] 'The Chiastic Structure of the Prologue to Hebrews', TrinJ N.S. 13 (1992) 163~79

Lane, W. L.                  [1:1~4] 'Detecting Divine Wisdom in Hebrews 1:1~4', in The New Testament Student and His Field, ed J. H. Skilton and C. A. Ladley (vol. 5 of The New Testament Student; Phillipsburg 1982), 150~58

Robinson, D. W. B.      [1:1~4] 'The Literary Structure of Hebrews 1:1~4', AJBA 21 (1972) 178~86

Dormandy, R.               [1:1~2] 'Hebrews 1:1~2 and the Parable of the Wicked Husbandmen', ExpT 100 (1988~89) 371~75

Frankowski, J.              [1:3] 'Early Christian Hymns Recorded in the New Testament: A reconsideration of the question in the light of Heb 1, 3', BZ 27 (1983) 183~94

Oberholtzer, T. K.        [1:5~2:5] 'The Eschatological Salvation of Hebrews 1:5~2:5', BS 145 (1988) 83~97

Meier, J. P.                  [1:5~14] 'Symmetry and Theology in the Old Testament Citations of Heb 1, 5~14', Bib 66 (1985) 504~33

Harris, M. J.                 [1:8~9] 'The Translation and Significance of ho theos in Hebrews 1:8~9', TynB 36 (1985) 129~62 [reprinted, with the necessary updating, as 'The Throne of God (Hebrews 1:8~9)', in Jesus as God: The New Testament Use of Theos in Reference to Jesus (Grand Rapids 1992) 205~27]

Grogan, G. W.             [2:5~18] 'Christ and His People: An Exegetical and Theological Study of Hebrews 2:5~18', VE 6 (1969) 54~71

Brawley, R. L.              [2:8] 'Discoursive Structure and the Unseen in Hebrews 2:8 and 11:1: A Neglected Aspect of the Context', CBQ 55 (1993) 81~98

Elliott, J. K.                  [2:9] 'When Jesus was Apart from God: an Examination of Hebrews 2:9', ExpT 83 (1971~72) 339~41

O'Neill, J. C.                [2:9] 'Hebrews II. 9', JTS n.s. 17 (1966) 82

Hickling, C. J. A.          [2:10~18] 'John and Hebrews: The Background of Hebrews 2:10~18', NTS 29 (1983) 112~16

Mitchell, A. C.              [2:10] 'The Use of prepein and Rhetorical Propriety in Hebrews 2:10', CBQ 54 (1992) 681~701

Flusser, D.                    [3~4] '"Today if You Will Listen to this Voice": Creative Exegesis in Hebrews 3~4', in Creative Biblical Exegesis: Christian and Jewish Exegesis through the Centuries, ed B. Uffenheimer and H. G. Reventlow (JSOTSS 59; Sheffield 1988), 55~62

Oberholtzer, T. K.        [3:1~4:13] 'The Kingdom Rest in Hebrews 3:1~4:13', BS 145 (1988) 185~96

Ratzlaff, D.                   [3~4] 'The Rest That Remains: Hebrews 3 and 4', Sabbath in Crisis (Aplegate, CA 1990) 237~49

Grasser, E.                   [3:1~6] 'Mose und Jesus. Zur Auslegung von Hebr 3:1~6', ZNW 75 (1984) 2~23

Layton, S.C.                 [3:6] 'Christ over His House (Hebrews 3.6) and Hebrew tybhAl[ rva', NTS 37 (1991) 473~77

Yeo, K. K.                   [3:7~4:13] 'The Meaning and Usage of the Theology of "Rest" (Katapausis and sabbatismos) in Hebrews 3:7~4:13', AJT 5 (1991) 2~33

Nardoni, E.                  [3:14] 'Partakers in Christ (Hebrews 3.14', NTS 37 (1991) 146~52

Attridge, H. W.            [4:1~11] '"Let us strive to enter that rest": The Logic of Hebrews 4:1~11' HTR 73 (1980) 279~88

Swetnam, J.                  [4:12~13] 'Jesus as Logos in Hebrews 4, 12~13', Bib 62 (1981) 214~24

Songer, H. S.               [4:14~7:28] 'A Superior Priesthood: Hebrews 4:14~7:28', RevExp 82 (1985) 345~59

Schenk, W.                  [4:14~16] 'Hebraerbrief 4.14~16. Textlinguistik als Kommentierungsprinzip', NTS 26 (1979~80) 242~52

Shuster, M.                  [4:15] 'The Temptation, Sinlessness, and Sympathy of Jesus: Another Look at the Dilemma of Hebrews 4:15', in Perspectives on Christology (P. K. Jewett FS), ed M. Shuster and R. Muller (Grand Rapids 1991), 197~209

Omark, R. E.                [5:7~10] 'The Saving of the Savior: Exegesis and Christology in Hebrews 5:7~10', Int 12 (1958) 39~51

Attridge, H. W.            [5:7] '"Heard Because of His Reverence" (Heb 5:7)', JBL 98 (1979) 90~93

Peterson, D. G.            [5:11~6:12] 'The Situation of the "Hebrews" (5:11~6:12)', RTR 35 (1976) 14~21

Owen, H. P.                 [5:11~6:3] 'The "Stages of Ascent" in Hebrews 5:11~6:3', NTS 3 (1956~57) 243~53

Kiley, M.                      [5:14] 'A Note on Hebrews 5:14', CBQ 42 (1980) 501~03

Wuest, K. S.                [6] 'Hebrews Six in the Greek New Testament', BS 119 (1962) 45~53

Adams, J. C.                [6:1~2] 'Exegesis of Hebrews VI. 1f.', NTS 13 (1966~67) 378~85

Oberholtzer, T. K.        [6:4~12] 'The Thorn-Infested Ground in Hebrews 6:4~12', BS 145 (1988) 319~28

Hohenstein, H. H.         [6:4~8] 'A Study of Hebrews 6:4~8', CTM 27 (1956) 433~44, 536~46

Hughes, P. E.               [6:4~6] 'Hebrews 6:4~6 and the Peril of Apostasy', WTJ 35 (1973) 137~55

Nicole, R.                     [6:4~6] 'Some Comments on Hebrews 6:4~6 and the Doctrine of the Perseverance of God with the Saints', in Current Issues in Biblical and Patristic Interpretation (M. C. Tenney FS), ed G. F. Hawthorne (Grand Rapids 1975), 355~64

Sabourin, L.                 [6:4~6] '"Crucifying Afresh For One's Repentance" (Heb 6:4~6)', BTB 6 (1976) 264~71

Verbrugge, V. D.          [6:4~6] 'Towards a New Interpretation of Hebrews 6:4~6', CTJ 15 (1980) 61~73

Sproule, J. A.               [6:6] 'Parapesontas in Hebrews 6:6', GTJ 2 (1981) 327~32

Rice, G. E.                   [6:19] 'Hebrews 6:19: Analysis of Some Assumptions concerning KATAPETASMA', AUSS 25 (1987) 65~71

Swetnam, J.                  [7~13] 'Form and Content in Hebrews 7~13', Bib 55 (1974) 333~48

Ellingworth, P.              [7:1~10] '"Like the Son of God": Form and Content in Hebrews 7, 1~10', Bib 64 (1983) 255~62

Demarest, B. A.           [7:3] 'Hebrews 7:3: A Crux Interpretum Historically Considered', EQ 49 (1977) 141~62

Neyrey, J. H.                [7:3] '"Without Beginning of Days or End of Life" (Hebrews 7:3): Topos for a True Deity', CBQ 53 (1991) 439~55

Paul, M. J.                    [7:3] 'The Order of Melchizedek (Ps 110:4 and Heb 7:3)', WTJ 49 (1987) 195~211

Hollander, H. W.          [7:11; 8:6] 'Hebrews 7.11 and 8.6: a suggestion for the translation of nenomothete_tai epi', BibTrans 30 (1979) 244~47

Ellingworth, P.              [7:24] 'The Unshakable Priesthood: Hebrews 7.24', JSNT 23 (1985) 125~26

Attridge, H. W. [8~10] 'The Uses of Antithesis in Hebrews 8~10', in Christians Among Jews and Gentiles (K. Stendahl FS), ed G. W. E. Nickelsburg and G. W. MacRae (Philadelphia 1986), 1~9 [= HTR 79 (1986) 1~9]

Omanson, R. L.            [8:1~10:18] 'A Superior Covenant: Hebrews 8:1~10:18', RevExp 82 (1985) 361~73

Wolmarans, J. L. P.      [8:8] 'The Text and Translation of Hebrews 8:8' ZNW 75 (1984) 139~44

Young, N. H.               [9] 'The Gospel according to Hebrews 9', NTS 27 (1980~81) 198~210

Camacho, H. S.            [9:3~4] 'The Altar of Incense in Hebrews 9:3~4', AUSS 24 (1986) 5~12

Grayston, K.                [9:11~14] 'Salvation Proclaimed: III. Hebrews 9:11~14', ExpT 93 (1981~82) 164~68

Kubo, S.                      [9:11~12] 'Hebrews 9:11~12: Christ's Body, Heavenly Region, or...?' in Scribes and Scripture (J.H. Greenlee FS), ed D. A. Black (Winnona Lake 1992), 97~109

Swetnam, J.                  [9:11] '"The Greater and More Perfect Tent". A Contribution to the Discussion of Hebrews 9,11', Bib 47 (1966) 91~106

Hughes, J. J.                 [9:15ff.] 'Hebrews ix 15ff. and Galatians iii 15ff.  A Study in Covenant Practice and Procedure', NovT 21 (1979) 27~96

Wild, J. S.                    [9:15~22] 'The Testamental Significance of diathe_ke_ in Hebrews 9:15~22', Neot 26 (1992) 149~56

Swetnam, J.                  [9:15~18] 'A Suggested Interpretation of Hebrews 9, 15~18', CBQ 27 (1965) 373~90

Campbell, K. M.          [9:16~17] 'Covenant or Testament? Heb. 9:16, 17 Reconsidered', EQ 44 (1972) 107~11

Swetnam, J.                  [9:26] 'Sacrifice and Revelation in The Epistle to the Hebrews: Observations and Surmises on Hebrews 9,26', CBQ 30 (1968) 227~34

Jobes, K. H.                 [10] 'Rhetorical Achievement in the Hebrews 10 "Misquote" of Psalm 40', Bib 72 (1991) 387~96

------                           [10:5~7] 'The Function of Paronomasia in Hebrews 10:5~7', TrinJ N. S. 13 (1992) 181~91

Culpepper, R. A.          [10:19~12:2] 'A Superior Faith: Hebrews 10:19~12:2', RevExp 82 (1985) 375~90

Dahl N. A.                   [10:19~25] 'A New and Living Way: The Approach to God According to Hebrews 10:19~25', Int 5 (1951) 401~12

Young, N. H.               [10:20] 'tout' estin te_s sarkos autou (Heb. x. 20): Apposition, Dependent or Explicative?', NTS 20 (1973~74) 100~04

Oberholtzer, T. K.        [10:26~39] 'The Danger of Willful Sin in Hebrews 10:26~39', BS 145 (1988) 410~19

Lewis, T. W.                [10:38b] '"... And if he shrinks back" (Heb. x. 38b)', NTS 22 (1975~76) 88~94

Cosby, M. R.               [11] 'The Rhetorical Composition of Hebrews 11', JBL 107 (1988) 257~73

Miller M. R.                 [11] 'What is the Literary Form of Hebrews 11?', JETS 29 (1986) 411~17

Morgan, G. C.              [11] The Triumphs of Faith: Expositions of Hebrews 11 (Grand Rapids, 1973 reprint)

Betz, O.                       [11:1] 'Firmness in Faith: Hebrews 11:1 and Isaiah 28:16', in Scripture: Meaning and Method (A. T. Hanson FS), ed B. P. Thompson (Hull University 1987), 92~113

Brawley, R. L.              [11:1] 'Discoursive Structure and the Unseen in Hebrews 2:8 and 11:1: A Neglected Aspect of the Context', CBQ 55 (1993) 81~98

Hughes, P. E.               [11:3] 'The Doctrine of Creation in Hebrews 11:3', BTB 2 (1972) 64~77

Black, M.                     [11:11] 'Additional Note on Heb. xi. 11 and the Circumstantial Clause in Hebrews', An Aramaic Approach to the Gospels and Acts (3rd ed.; Oxford 1967/1977), 83~89

van der Horst, P. W.    [11:11] 'Sarah's Seminal Emission: Hebrews 11:11 in the Light of Ancient Embryology', in Greeks, Romans, and Christians (A. J. Malherbe FS), ed D. L. Balch, E. Ferguson and W. A. Meeks (Minneapolis 1990), 287~302

Black D. A.                  [12:1~2] 'A Note on the Structure of Hebrews 12:1~2', Bib 68 (1987) 543~51

Horning, E. B.              [12:1~2] 'Chiasmus, Creedal Structure, and Christology in Hebrews 12:1~2', BR 23 (1978) 37~48

Bream, H. N.               [12:1] 'More on Hebrews xii. 1', ExpT 80 (1968~69) 150~51

Robb, J. D.                  [12:1] 'Hebrews xii. 1', ExpT 79 (1967~68) 254

Jones, P. R.                  [12:3~13:25] 'A Superior Life: Hebrews 12:3~13:25', RevExp 82 (1985) 391~405

Ellingworth, P.              [12:3] 'New Testament Text and Old Testament Context in Heb. 12:3', in Studia Biblica 1978 III.  Papers on Paul and Other New Testament Authors, ed E. A. Livingstone (JSNTSS 3; Sheffield 1980), 89~96

Watkins, R. T.              [12:17] 'The New English Bible and the Translation of Hebrews xii.17', ExpT 73 (1961~62) 29~30

Oberholtzer, T. K.        [12:25~29] 'The Failure to Heed His Speaking in Hebrews 12:25~29', BS 146 (1989) 67~75

Koester H.                   [13:9~14] '"Outside the Camp": Hebrews 13.9~14', HTR 55 (1962) 299~315

Trudinger, L. P.            [13:10~13] 'The Gospel Meaning of the Secular: Reflections on Hebrews 13:10~13', EQ 54 (1982) 235~37

Cranfield, C. E. B.        [13:20~21] 'Hebrews 13:20~21', The Bible and Christian Life (Edinburgh 1985) 144~50

 

Allen, E. L.                   'Jesus and Moses in the New Testament', ExpT 67 (1955~56) 104~06

Allen, L. C.                  'Psalm 45:7~8 (6~7) in Old and New Testament Settings', in Christ the Lord (D. Guthrie FS), ed H. H. Rowden (Leicester and Downers Grove 1982), 220~42

Anderson, C. P.           'Who Are the Heirs of the New Age in the Epistle to the Hebrews?', in Apocalypse and the New Testament (J. L. Martyn FS), ed J. Marcus and M. L. Soards (JSNTSS 24; Sheffield 1989), 255~77

Arowele, P. J.              'The Pilgrim People of God (An African's Reflections on the motif of sojourn in the Epistle to the Hebrews)', AJT 4 (1990) 438~55

Attridge, H. W.            'New Covenant Christology in an Early Christian Homily', QR 8 (1988) 89~108

-------                          'Paraenesis in a Homily (logos parakle_seo_s): The Possible Location of, and Socialization in, the "Epistle to the Hebrews"', Semeia 50 (1990) 211~26

Aune, D. E.                  'Heracles and Christ: Heracles Imagery in the Christology of Early Christianity', in Greeks, Romans, and Christians (A. J. Malherbe FS), ed D. L. Balch, E. Ferguson and W. A. Meeks (Minneapolis 1990), 3~19

------                           The New Testament in Its Literary Environment (Library of Early Christianity 8; Philadelphia 1987)

Baigent, J. W.               'Jesus as Priets: An Examination of the Claim that the Concept of Jesus as Priest may be found in the New Testament outside the Epistle to the Hebrews', VE 12 (1981) 34~44

Biley, J. L., and

Broek, L. D. V.            'The Sermon: Hebrews', Literary Forms in the New Testament (Louisville, KY 1992) 191~95

Baldwin, J. G.               Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (TOTC; Leicester 1972/1978)

Barker, G. W.,

Lane, W. L., and

Michaels, J. R.              The New Testament Speaks (New Yourk 1969)

Barrett, C. K.               The Epistle to the Romans (BNTC; 1957/1973)

-------                          'The Eschatoloty of the Epistle to the Hebrews', in The Background of the New Testament and Its Eschatoloty (C. H. Dodd FS), ed W. D. Davies and D. Daube (Cambridge 1956), 363~93

Barth, M.                     Ephesians (AB, 2 vols; Garden City 1974)

-----                             'The Old Testament in Hebrews: An Essay in Biblical Hermeneutics', in Current Issues in New Testament Interpretation (O. A. Piper FS), ed W. Klassen and G. F. Hawthorne (New York 1962), 53~78 (with notes on 263~73)

Best, E.                        'Spiritual Sacrifice: General Priesthood in The New Testament', Int 14 (1960) 273~99

Black, II, C. C.            'The Rhetorical Form of the Hellenistic Jewish and Early Christian Sermon: A Response to Lawrence Wills', HTR 81 (1988) 1~18

Black, D. A.                 'The Problem of the Literary Structure of Hebrews: An Evaluation and a Proposal', GTJ 7 (1986) 163~77

Bligh, J.                        'The Structure of Hebrews', HeyJ 5 (1964) 170~77

Borchert, G. L.             'A Superior Book: Hebrews', RevExp 82 (1985) 319~32

Bornkamm, G.              Early Christian Experience (London 1969)

Brown, R.                    'Pilgrimage in Faith: The Christian Life in Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 28~35

Bruce, F. F.                  The Acts the Apostles (2nd ed.; London 1952/1965)

------                           The Book of the Acts (NICNT; rev. ed.; Grand Rapids 1988)

------                           The Epistles to the Colossians, to Philemon, and to the Ephesians (NICNT; Grand Rapids 1984)

------                           'The History of New Testament Study', in New Testament Interpretation, ed I. H. Marshall (Exeter 1977), 21~59

------                           'The Kerygma of Hebrews', Int 23 (1969) 3~19

------                           Men and Movements in the Primitive Church (Exeter 1979)

------                           The Message of the New Testament (Exeter 1972)

------                           'Recent Contributions to the Understanding of Hebrews', ExpT 80 (1968~69) 260~64

------                           'The Structure and Argument of Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 6~12

------                           'Textual Problems in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Scribes and Scripture (J. H. Greenlee FS), ed D. A. Black (Winnona Lake 1992), 27~39

------                           The Time is Fulfilled (Grand Rapids 1978)

------                           '"To the Hebrews" or "To the Essenes"?', NTS 9 (1962~63) 217~32

Buchanan, G.W.           'The Present State of Scholarship on Hebrews', in Christianity, Judaism and Other Graeco-Roman Cults (M. Smith FS), ed J. Neusner (Leiden 1975), 1.299~330

Bulman, J. M.               'The Only Begotten Son', CTJ 16 (1981) 56~79

Caird, G. B.                 'Son by Appointment', in The New Testament Age (B. Reicke FS), ed W. C. Weinrich (2 vols; Macon, GA 1984), 1.73~81

-----                             'The Christological Basis of Christian Hope', in The Christian Hope by G. B. Caird et al. (SPCK Theological Collections 13; London 1970), 9~24

-----                             'The Exegetical Method of the Epistle to the Hebrews', CJT 5 (1959) 44~51

Carlston, C. E.             'Eschatology and Repentance in the Epistle to the Hebrews', JBL 78 (1959) 296~302

-------                          'The Vocabulary of Perfection in Philo and Hebrews', in Unity and Diversity in New Testament Theology (G. E. Ladd FS), ed R. A. Guelich (Grand Rapids 1978), 133~60

Carr, G. L.                   'The Old Testament Love Songs and Their Use in the New Testament', JETS 24 (1981) 97~105

Carson, D. A.               A Call to Spiritual Reformation: Priorities from Paul and His Prayers (Grand Rapids 1992)

------                           Exegetical Fallacies (Grand Rapids 1984)

Carson, D. A.,

Moo, D. J., and

Morris, L.                     An Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1992) [abbreviated as INT]

Casey, J. M.                 'Christian assembly in Hebrews: a fantasy island?', TD 30 (1982) 323~35

Charles, J. D.               'The Angels, Sonship and Birthright in the Letter to the Hebrews', JETS 33 (1990) 171~78

Chester, A. N.              'Hebrews: the final sacrifice', in Sacrifice and Redemption: Durham Essays in Theology, ed S. W. Sykes (Cambridge 1991), 57~72

Clements, R. E.            'The Use of the Old Testament in Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 36~45

Clowney, E. P.             'The Biblical Theology of the Church', in The Church in the Bible and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 13~87

Cockerill, G. L.            'Melchizedek or "King of Righteousness"', EQ 63 (1991) 305~12

Cole, R. A.                   Exodus (TOTC; Leicester 1973/1979)

Collins, F. R.                'The Epistle to the Hebrews', Letters That Paul Did Not Write: The Epistle to the Hebrews and the Pauline Pseudepigrapha (Wilmington, DE 1988) 19~56

Cook, R. R.                 'Apostasy: Some Logical Reflections', EQ 65 (1993) 147~53

Cranfield, C. E. B.        The Epistle to the Romans (ICC; 2 vols.; Edinburgh 1975, 1979)

Cullmann, O.                Christ and Time (E.T., rev. ed.; London 1962/1967)

Dahms, J. V.                'The First Readers of Hebrews', JETS 20 (1977) 365~75

Davids, P. H.                The Epistle of James (NIGTC; Exeter 1982)

Davidson, R. M.           Typology in Scripture: A Study of Hermeneutical Structures (Berrien Springs 1981)

Davies, J. H.                 'The Heavenly Work of Christ in Hebrews', in Studia Evangelica, Vol. IV, Part I, ed F. L. Cross (TU 102; Berlin 1968), 384~89

Dodd, C. H.                 According to the Scriptures: The Sub-structure of New Testament Theology (London 1952/1965)

-----                             'Hilaskesthai, its Cognates, Derivatives and Synonyms in the Septuagint', JTS 32 (1931) 352~60 [reprinted in The Bible and the Greeks (London 1935/1954) 82~95]

Dumbrell, W. J.            'The Spirits of Just Men Made Perfect', EQ 48 (1976) 154~59

Drane, J.                      Introducing the New Testament (San Francisco 1986) [abbreviated as INT]

Dunn, J. D. G.              Baptism in the Holy Spirit (SBT 2/15; Naperville, IL 1970)

-------                          The Partings of the Ways Between Christianity and Judaism and their Significance for the Character of Christianity (London and Philadelphia 1991)

-------                          Romans 1~8, Romans 9~16 (WBC 38A, 38B; Dallas 1988)

Eccles, R. S.                 'The Purpose of the Hellenistic Patterns in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Religions in Antiquity: Essays in Memory of E. R. Goodenough, ed J. Neusner (Leiden 1968), 207~26

Ellingworth, P.              'Hebrews and the Anticipation of Completion', Themelios 14 (1988~89) 6~11

-------                          'Hebrews in the Eighties', BibTrans 39 (1988) 131~38

-------                          'Jesus and the Universe in Hebrews', EQ 58 (1986) 337~50

-------                          'Just Like Melchizedek', BibTrans 28 (1977) 236~39

Elliott, J. K.                  'Is Post-Baptismal Sin Forgivable?', BibTrans 28 (1977) 330~32

Ellis, E. E.                     'Dating the New Testament', NTS 26 (1979~80) 487~502

------                           Paul's Use of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids 1991 reprint)

Ellison, H. L.                The Message of the Old Testament (Exeter 1969)

Fairhurst, A. M.            'Hellenistic Influence in the Epistle to the Hebrews', TynB 12 (1961) 17~27

Fischer, J.                     'Covenant, Fulfilment and Judaism in Hebrews', ERT 13 (1989) 175~87

Fitzmyer, J. A.              Essays on the Semitic Background of the New Testament (Society of Biblical Literature and Scholars Press 1974)

Floor, L.                       'The General Priesthood of Believers in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 72~82

France, R. T.                Matthew (TNTC; Leicester and Grand Rapids 1985)

Francis, D. P.               'The Holy Spirit: A Statistical Enquiry', ExpT 96 (1984~85) 136~37

Freyne, S.                    'Reading Hebrews and Revelation Intertextually', in Intertextuality in Biblical Writings (Bas van Iersel FS), ed S. Draisma (Kampen 1989), 83~93

Frost, S.                       'Who Were the Heroes? An Exercise in Bitestamentary Exegesis, with Christological Implications', in The Glory of Christ in the New Testament (G. B. Caird FS), ed L. D. Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987), 165~72

Fung, R. Y. K.             'Function or Office? A Survey of the New Testament Evidence', ERT 8 (1984) 16~39

-------                          'Ministry in the New Testament', in The Church in the Bible and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids 1987), 154~212

-------                          'A Study of the homologeo_-homologia Word Group in the Classical and Koine Periods with Particular Reference to the Influence of the Septuagint on the New Testament Usage' (unpublished paper 1970)

Garvie, A. E.                'The Pioneer of Faith and of Salvation', ExpT 26 (1914~15) 502~04, 546~50

Gordon, R. P.               'Better Promises: Two Passages in Hebrews against the Background of the Old Testament Cultus', in Templum Amicitiae: Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel, ed W. Horbury (JSNTSS 48; Sheffield 1991), 434~49

Grasser, E.                   'Rechtfertigung im Hebra:erbrief', in Rechtfertigung (E. Ka:semann FS), ed J. Friedrich, W. Po:ehlmann and P. Stuhlmacher (Tu:bingen and Go:ttingen 1976), 79~93

Grant, R. M.                 A Historical Introduction to the New Testament (New York and Evanston, 1963) [abbreviated as INT]

Gundry, R. H.               A Survey of the New Testament (Exeter 1970)

Gunton, C.                   'Christ the Sacrifice: Aspects of the Language and Imagery of the Bible', in The Glory of Christ in the New Testament (G. B. Caird FS), ed L. D. Hurst and N. T. Wright (Oxford 1987), 229~38

Guthrie, D.                   'The New Testament Approach to Social Responsibility', VE 8 (1973) 40~59

-----                             New Testament Introduction (4th ed. [rev.]; Leicester and Downers Grove 1990) [abbreviated as NTI]

Hagner, D. A.               'Interpreting the Epistle to the Hebrews', in The Literature and Meaning of Scripture, ed M. A. Inch and C. H. Bullock (Grand Rapids 1978), 217~42

------                           'The Old Testament in the New Testament', in Interpreting the Word of God (S. Barabas FS), ed S. J. Schultz and M. A. Inch (Chicago 1976), 78~104

Hamm, D.                    'Faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews: The Jesus Factor', CBQ 52 (1990) 270~91

Hanson, A. T.               'Christ in the Old Testament according to Hebrews', in Studia Evangelica, Vol. II, Part I, ed F. L. Cross (TU87; Oxford 1964), 393~407

-------                         'Hebrews', in It is Written: Scripture Citing Scripture (B. Lindars FS), ed D. A. Carson and H. G. M. Williamson (Cambridge 1988), 292~302

Harrison, E. F.              Introduction to the New Testament (rev. ed.; Grand Rapids 1971/1974) [abbreviated as INT]

-------                          'The Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews', BS 121 (1964) 333~40

Harrison, R. K.             Leviticus (TOTC; Leicester 1980)

Hay, D. M.                   Glory at the Right Hand: Psalm 110 in Early Christianity (SBLMS 18; Nashville and New York 1973)

Higgins, A. J. B.           'The Priestly Messiah', NTS 13 (1966~67) 211~36

Hill, D.                         Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings: Studies in the Semantics of Soteriological Terms (SNTSMS 5; Cambridge 1967)

Horbury, W.                 'The Aaronic Priesthood in the Epistle to the Hebrews', JSNT 19 (1983) 43~71

Howard, G.                  'Hebrews and the Old Testament Quotations', NovT 10 (1968) 208~16

Howard, W. F.             'The Epistle to the Hebrews', Int 5 (1951) 80~91

Hughes, P. E.               'The Christology of Hebrews', SWJT 28 (1985) 19~27

Hunter, A. M.               'Apollos the Alexandrian', in Biblical Studies (W. Barclay FS), ed J. R. McKay and J. F. Miller (London 1976), 147~156

Hurst, L. D.                  'Apollos, Hebrews, and Corinth: Bishop Montefiore's Theory Examined', SJT 38 (1985) 505~13

------                           'Eschatology and "Platonism" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in SBL 1984 Seminar Papers (Atlanta 1985), 41~74

Huxhold, H. N.             'Faith in the Epistle to the Hebrews', CTM 38 (1967) 657~61

Isaacs, M. E.                Sacred Space: An Approach to the Theology of the Epistle to the Hebrews (JSNTSS 73; Sheffield 1992)

Jeremias, J.                   'Zur Gedankenfu:hrung in den paulinischen Briefen', in Studia Paulina in Honorem J. de Zwaan, ed J. N. Sevenster and W. C. van Unnik (Haarlem 1953), 146~54

John of Taize                The Way of the Lord: A New Testament Pilgrimage (Washington D. C./Dublin 1990)

John, M. P.                  'Covenant-Testament-Will', BibTrans 30 (1979) 448

Johnson, L. T.              The Writings of the New Testament: An Interpretation (Philadelphia 1986)

Johnson, S. L.              'Some Important Mistranslations in Hebrews', BS 110 (1953) 25~31

Johnsson, W. G.           'The Cultus of Hebrews in Twentieth-Century Scholarship', ExpT 89 (1977~78) 104~08

-------                          'Issues in the Interpretation of Hebrews', AUSS 15 (1977) 169~87

-------                          'The Pilgrimage Motif in the Book of Hebrews', JBL 97 (1978) 239~51

Johnston, G.                 'Christ as Arche_gos', NTS 27 (1981) 381~85

Jones, P. R.                  'The Figure of Moses as a Heuristic Device for Understanding the Pastoral Intent of Hebrews', RevExp 76 (1979) 95~107

Josipovici, G.                'The Epistle to the Hebrews and the Catholic Epistles', in The Literary Guide to the Bible, ed R. Alter and F. Kermode (Cambridge, MA 1990), 503~22

Kaiser, Jr., W. C.         'The Promise Theme and the Theology of Rest', BS 130 (1973) 135~50

Kelly, D. F.                  'Prayer and Union with Christ', SBET 8 (1990) 109~27

Kelly, J. N. D.              The Epistles of Peter and of Jude (BNTC; London 1969)

-------                          The Pastoral Epistles (BNTC; London 1963/1972)

Kidner, D.                    Genesis (TOTC; London 1967)

-----                             The Proverbs (TOTC; London 1964)

-----                             Psalms (TOTC; 2 vols; Leicester 1973, 1975)

Kiley, M.                      'Melchisedek's Promotion to archiereus and the Translation of ta stoicheia te_s arche_s', in SLB 1986 Seminar Papers, ed K. H. Richards (Atlanta n.d.), 236~45

Klassen, W.                 'To the Hebrews or Against the Hebrews? Anti-Judaism and the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Anti-Judaism in Early Christianity, Vol. 2: Separation and Polemic, ed S. G. Wilson (Waterloo, Ont. 1986), 1~16

Knox, D. B.                 'The Biblical Concept of Fellowship', in Church, Worship and the Local Congregation, ed B. G. Webb (Explorations 2; Homebush West, NSW 1987), 59~82

Kummel, W. G.            Introduction to the New Testament (rev. ed.; London 1975/1979) [abbreviated as INT]

Ladd, G. E.                  A Theology of the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1974)

------                           Jesus and the Kingdom: The Eschatology of Biblical Realism (London 1966)

Lane, W. L.                  'Hebrews: A Sermon in Search of a Setting', SWJT 28 (1985) 13~18

LaSor, W. S.                'The Epistle to the Hebrews and the Qumran Writings', The Dead Sea Scrolls aand the New Testament (Grand Rapids 1972/1976) 179~90

Lincoln, A. T.               'Sabbath, Rest, and Eschatology in the New Testament', in From Sabbath to Lord's Day: A Biblical, Historical and Theological Investigation, ed D. A. Carson (Grand Rapids 1982), 197~220

Lindars, B.                   'Hebrews and the Second Temple', in Templum Amicitiae: Essays on the Second Temple presented to Ernst Bammel, ed W. Horbury (JSNTSS 48; Sheffield 1991), 410~33

-----                             'The Rhetorical Structure of Hebrews', NTS 35 (1989) 382~406

Linss, W. C.                 'Logical Terminology in the Epistle to the Hebrews', CTM 37 (1966) 365~69

Loader, W. R. G.         'Christ at the Right Hand - Ps. cx. 1 in the New Testament', NTS 24 (1977 ~78) 199~217

Loane, M. L.                'The Unity of the Old and New Testaments: As Illustrated in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in God Who is Rich in Mercy (D. B. Knox FS), ed P. T. O'Brien and D. G. Peterson (Homebush West, NSW 1986), 255~64

Lombard, H. A.            'Katapausis in the Letter to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 60~71

Longenecker, R. N.      'Hebrews and the Old Testament', Biblical Exegesis in the Apostolic Period (Grand Rapids 1975) 158~85

---------                       'The Melchizedek Argument of Hebrews: A Study in the Development and Circumstantial Expression of New Testament Thought', in Unity and Diversity in New Testament Theology (G. E. Ladd FS), ed R. A. Guelich (Grand Rapids 1978), 161~85

Mack, B. L.                 Rhetoric and the New Testament (Minneapolis 1990)

MacLeod, D. J.            'The Doctrinal Center of the Book of Hebrews', BS 146 (1989) 291~300

-------                          'The Literary Structure of the Book of Hebrews', BS 146 (1989) 185~97

-------                          'The Present Work of Christ in Hebrews', BS 148 (1991) 184~200

MacRae, G. W.            'A Kingdom that Cannot be Shaken: The Heavenly Jerusalem in the Letter to the Hebrews', Studies in the New Testament and Gnosticism (GNS 26; Wilmington 1987) 98-112

-------                          'Heavenly Temple and Eschatology in the Letter to the Hebrews', Semeia 12 (1978) 179~99

Man, R. E.                   'The Value of Chiasm for New Testament Interpretation', BS 141 (1984) 146~57

Manson, T. W.             'Martyrs and Martyrdom', BJRL 29 (1956-57) 463~84

-------                          'The Problem of the Epistle to the Hebrews', Studies in the Gospels and Epistles, ed M. Black (London 1962), 242~58

Marshall, I. H.              'The Divine Sonship of Jesus', Int 21 (1967) 87~103

-------                          Jesus the Saviour: Studies in New Testament Theology (London 1990)

-------                          Kept by the Power of God (Minneapolis 1974)

Martin, J. P.                 'Faith as Historical Understanding', in Jesus of Nazareth: Savior and Lord, ed C. F. H. Henry (Grand Rapids 1966), 177~98

Martin, R. P.                New Testament Foundations (2 vols; Exeter and Grand Rapids 1975~78)

Marxsen, W.                Introduction to the New Testament: An Approach to its Problems (E.T.; Oxford 1968) [abbreviated as INT]

McCullough, J. C.        'The Impossibility of a Second Repentance in Hebrews', BibT 24 (1974) 1~7

-------                          'The Old Testament Quotations in Hebrews', NTS 26 (1979~80) 363~79

-------                          'Some Recent Developments in Research on the Epistle to the Hebrews', IBS 2 (1980) 141~65

-------                          'Some Recent Developments in Research on the Epistle to the Hebrews', IBS 3 (1981) 28~45

McKnight, S.                'The Warning Passages of Hebrews: A Formal Analysis and Tehological Conclusions', TrinJ 13 n.s. (1992) 21~59

McRay, J.                    'Atonement and Apocalyptic in the Book of Hebrews', RestQ 23 (1980) 1~9

Miller, M. R.                'Seven Theological Themes in Hebrews', GTJ 8 (1987) 131~40

Minear, P. S.                'An Early Christian Theopoetic?', Semeia 12 (1978) 201~13

------                           New Testament Apocalyptic (Nashville 1981/1983)

Morris, L.                     The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross (2nd ed.; London 1960)

Motyer, J. A.                The Day of the Lion (Leicester 1974)

Moule, C. F. D.            The Birth of the New Testament (HNTC; New York and Evanston 1962)

-------                          'Sanctuary and Sacrifice in the Church of the New Testament', JTS n.s. 1 (1950) 29~41

Mugridge, A.                'Warnings in the Epistle to the Hebrews: An Exegetical and Theological Study', RTR 46 (1987) 74~82

Murray, J.                    'The Atonement and the Free Offer of the Gospel', Collected Writings of John Murray, Vol. I (Edinburgh 1976) 59~85

------                           'The Heavenly, Priestly Activity of Christ', Collected Writings of John Murray, Vol. I (Edinburgh 1976) 44~58

Neufeld, V. H.              The Earliest Christian Confessions (NTTS 5; Leiden 1963)

Nicole, R. R.                '"Hilaskesthai" Revisited', EQ 49 (1977) 173~77

O'Brien, P. T.               'The Church as a Heavenly and Eschatological Entity', in The Church in the Bible and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 88~119

-------                          Colossians, Philemon (WBC 44; Waco, TX 1982)

Osborne, G. R.             'Soteriology in the Epistle to the Hebrews', in Grace Unlimited, ed C. H. Pinnock (Minneapolis 1975), 144~66

Parsons, M. C.             'Son and High Priest: A Study in the Christology of Hebrews', EQ 60 (1988) 195~215

Perrin, N.                     The New Testament: An Introduction (New York 1974) [abbreviated as NTI]

Peterson, D.                 'Further Reflections on Worship in the New Testament', RTR 44 (1985) 34~41

------                           'Prayer in the General Epistles', in Teach Us to Pray: Prayer in the Bible and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1990), 102~18 (notes on 328~32)

------                           'The Prophecy of the New Covenant in the Argument of Hebrews', RTR 37 (1978) 74~81

------                           'Towards a New Testament Theology of Worship', RTR 43 (1984) 65~73

Pryor, J. W.                 'Hebrews and Incarnational Christology', RTR 40 (1980) 44~50

Reumann, J.                  'Enigmatic Hebrews: A Rhetorical Appeal for Steadfast Faith in our Great High Priest and in the Better Covenant', Variety and Unity in New Testament Thought (Oxford 1991) 163~88

Rice, G. E.                   'Apostasy as a Motif and Its Effect on the Structure of Hebrews', AUSS 23 (1985) 29~35

-----                             'The Chiastic Structure of the Central Section of the Epistle to the Hebrews', AUSS 19 (1981) 243~46

Robertson, A. T.          Word Pictures in the New Testament (6 vols, 1933; reprinted Nashville n.d.)

Robinson, J. A. T.        Redating the New Testament (London 1976/1977)

Saucy, M.                    'Exaltation Christology in Hebrews: What Kind of Reign', TrinJ N. S. 14 (1993) 41~62

Schaefer, J. R.              'The Relationship between Priestly and Servant Messianism in the Epistle to the Hebrews', CBQ 30 (1968) 359~85

Schoonhoven, C. R.     'The "Analogy of Faith" and the Intent of Hebrews', in Scripture, Tradition, and Interpretation (E. F. Harrison FS), ed W. W. Gasque and W. S. LaSor (Grand Rapids 1978), 92~110

Schreiter, R. J.              'Hope in Hopeless Situations', In Water and in Blood (New York 1988) 107~20

Schweizer, E.               A Theological Introduction to the New Testament (E.T.; Nashville 1991)

Scott, J. J.                    'Arche_gos in the Salvation History of the Epistle to the Hebrews', JETS 29 (1986) 47~54

Sharp, J. R.                  'Philonism and the Eschatology of Hebrews: Another Look', EAJT 2 (1984) 289~98

Shedd, P. R.                 'Worship in the New Testament Church', in The Church in the Bible and the World, ed D. A. Carson (Exeter and Grand Rapids 1987), 120~53

Silva, M.                      Biblical Words and Their Meaning: An Introduction to Lexical Semantics (Grand Rapids 1983)

----                              God, Language, and Scripture (Grand Rapids 1990)

----                              'The New Testament Use of the Old Testament: Text Form and Authority', in Scripture and Truth, ed D. A. Carson and J. D. Woodbridge (Grand Rapids 1983), 147~65

----                              'Perfection and Eschatology in Hebrews', WTJ 39 (1976) 60~71

Simpson, E. K.             'The Vocabulary of the Epistle to the Hebrews. I', EQ 18 (1946) 35~38

-------                          Words Worth Weighing in the Greek New Testament (London 1946)

Smalley, S. S.               'The Atonement in the Epistle to the Hebrews', TynB 12 (1961) 28~35 [first published in EQ 33 (1961) 34ff.]

Stott, W.                      'The Conception of "Offering" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', NTS 9 (1962~63) 62~67

Swetnam, J.                  'Christology and the Eucharist in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Bib 70 (1989) 74~95

-----                             'On the Literary Genre of the "Epistle" to the Hebrews', NovT 11 (1969) 261~69

Tenney, M. C.              New Testament Survey (rev. ed.; London 1961/1964)

Thomas, K. J.               'The Old Testament Citations in Hebrews', NTS 11 (1964~65) 303~25

Thompson, J. A.           Deuteronomy (TOTC; Leicester 1974/1979)

Thornton, T. C. G.        Review of A. Vanhoye, La Structure litte*raire de L'Epi^tre aux He*breux (Studia Neotestamentica 1; Paris/Bruges 1963), JTS n.s. 15 (1964) 137~41

Thurston, R. W.            'Midrash and "Magnet" Words in the New Testament', EQ 51 (1979) 22~39

Torrance, J. B.             'The Incarnation and "Limited Atonement"', EQ 55 (1983) 83~94

Toussaint, S. D.            'The Eschatology of the Warning Passages in the Book of Hebrews', GTJ 3 (1982) 67~80

van der Wall, C.           '"The People of God" in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 83~92

van Unnik, W. C.         'The Christian's Freedom of Speech in the New Testament', BJRL 44 (1961~62) 466~88 [reprinted in Sparsa Collecta (see next entry) 2.269~89]

--------                        'The Semitic Background of parre_sia in the New Testament', Sparsa Collecta: The Collected Essays of W. C. van Unnik, Part II (SuppNovT 30; Leiden 1980) 290~306

Vanhoye, A.                 Old Testament Priests and the New Priest According to the New Testament (E.T.; Petersham, MA 1986)

Vennum, E.                  'Is She or Isn't She', Daughters of Sarah, January/February 1987, 4~7

Vermes, G.                   The Dead Sea Scrolls in English (Penguin Books 1970)

Vorster, W. S.              'The Meaning of parresia in the Epistle to the Hebrews', Neot 5 (1971) 51~59

Weeks, N.                   'Admonition and Error in Hebrews', WTJ 39 (1976) 72~80

Wikgren, A.                 'Patterns of Perfection in the Epistle to the Hebrews', NTS 6 (1959~60) 159~67

Williamson, R.              'The Background of the Epistle to the Hebrews', ExpT 87 (1975~76) 232~37

-------                          'Hebrews and Doctrine', ExpT 81 (1969~70) 371~76

-------                          'The Incarnation of the Logos in Hebrews', ExpT 95 (1983~84) 4~8

Wills, L.                       'The Form of the Sermon in Hellenistic Judaism and Early Christianity', HTR 77 (1984) 277~99

Witherington, B.           'The Influence of Galatians on Hebrews', NTS 37 (1991) 146~52

Wood, C. M.               'On Being Known', TToday 44 (1987) 197~206

Wood, J.                      'A New Testament Pattern for Preachers', EQ 47 (1975) 214~18

Young, N. H.               'C. H. Dodd, "Hilaskesthai" and his Critics', EQ 48 (1976) 67~78

------                           'Haimatekchysia: A Comment', ExpT 90 (1978~79) 180

------                           '"Hilaskesthai" and Related Words in the New Testament', EQ 55 (1983) 169~76

 

¸É¥R®Ñ¥Ø

¡]¥H¤U¦U¶µ¥¼¤Î¦b¥»µùÄÀ¤¤³Q±Ä¥Î¡A¦h¼Æ¬O¥Ñ©ó¥¦­Ì¦b¥»µùÄÀ²æ½Z«á¤~¦b¡u¤¤¯«¡vªº¹Ï®ÑÀ]¥X²{¡A©Î®Ú¥»´N¬O¦b¥»®Ñ²æ½Z«á¤~­±¥@ªº¡^

Cadwallader, A. H.      'The Correction of he Text of Hebrews towards the LXX', NovT 34 (1992) 257~92

deSilva, D. A.               'Despising Shame: A Cultural-Anthropological Investigation of the Epistle to the Hebrews', JBL 113 (1994) 439~61

Dunnill, J.                     Covenant and Sacrifice in the Letter to the Hebrews (SNTSMS 75; Cambridge 1992)

Ebert, D. J.                   'The Chiastic Structure of the Prologue to Hebrews', TrinJ 13 N.S. (1992) 163~79

Hofius, O.                    'Biblische Theologie im Lichte des Hebra:erbriefes', in New Directions in Biblical Theology, ed S. Pedersen (Leiden 1994), 108~25

Koester, C. R.              'The Epistle to the Hebrews in Recent Study', Currents in Research: Biblical Studies 2 (1994) 123~45

McCullough, J. C.        'Hebrews in Recent Scholarship (Part 1)', IBS 16 (1994) 66~86

Olbricht, T. H.              'Hebrews as Amplification', in Rhetoric and the New Testament: Essays from the 1992 Heidelberg Conference, ed S. E. Porter and T. H. Olbricht (JSNTSS 90; Sheffield 1993), 375~87

Pursiful, D. J.                The Cultic Motif in the Spirituality of the Book of Hebrews (Leviston, NY/Quenton, Ont./Lampeter, Wales 1993)

Rayburn, R. S.              'Hebrews', in Evangelical Commentary on the Bible, ed W. A. Elwell (Grand Rapids 1989), 1124~49

Dolfe, K.-G. E.            [2:16] 'Hebrews 2,16 under the magnifying glass', ZNW 84 (1993) 289~94

Enns, P. E.                   [3:1~4:13] 'Creation and Re-Creation: Psalm 95 and Its Interpretation in Hebrews 3:11~4:13', WTJ 55 (1993) 255~80

Garland, D. E.              [3:7~4:13] 'The Renewal of the Promise of Rest: A Canonical Reading of Hebrews 3:7~4:13', in Reclaiming the Prophetic Mantle: Preaching the Old Testament Faithfully, ed G. L. Klein (Nashville 1992), 203~21

Rowell, J. B.                 [6] 'Exposition of Hebrews Six', BS 94 (1937) 321~42

Kempson, W. R.          [6:1~8] 'Hebrews 6:1~8', RevExp 91 (1994) 567~73

Finney, T. J.                 [7:28a] 'A Proposed Reconstruction of Hebrews 7.28a in P46, NTS 40 (1994) 472~73

Lohr, H.                       [8] '"Umriss" und "Schatten".  Bemerkungen zur Zitieerung von Ex 25, 40 in Hebr 8', ZNW 84 (1993) 218~32

Wiid, J. S.                    [9:15~22] 'The testamental significance of diaqhvkh in Hebrews 9:15~22', Neot 26 (1992) 149~56

Swetnam, J.                  [10:30~31] 'Hebrews 10, 30~31: A Suggestion', Bib 75 (1994) 388~94

Schultz, D.                    [11:8~19] 'Abraham as an Example for Moral Exhortation: An Exegesis of Hebrews 11:8~19', in Directions in New Testament Methods, ed M. C. Albl, P. R. Eddy and R. Mirkes (Marquette University Press 1993), 39~43

Walker, P.                    [13:9~14] 'Jerusalem in Hebrew 13:9~14 and the Dating of the Epistle', TynB 45.1 (May 1994) 39~71

¢w¢w ¶¾½®©[¡m¤Ñ¹D¸t¸gµùÄÀ¢w¢w§Æ§B¨Ó®Ñ¡n