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1 Noordtzij, Leviticus, p.25.

2 Wenham, Leviticus, p.74.

3 Ãö©ó¥j¥NªñªFªºcolophon¡A½Ð°ÑK.A. Kitchen, "The Old Testament In Its Context: 1 From The Origin to the Eve of the Exodus", TSF Bulletin 59, (Spring, 1971) p.10; "The Old Testament In Its Context. 2 From Egypt to the Jordan", TSF Bulletin 60, (Summer 1971): 6; P.J. Wiseman, Ancient Records and The Structure of Genesis, (Thomas Nelson, 1985) pp.56-68, 79-85.

 

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4 Leviticus, (OTL)(London: SCM, 1965) p.15.

5 C.F. Keil and F. Delitzsch, Commentary On The Old Testament; Pentateuch, Vol. II, translated by James Martia, (Eerdmans, reprinted, n.d.) p.270.

6 Noth, Leviticus, p.61.

7 Noordtzij, Leviticus, p.82.

8 »C»²¥Á¡A§Q¥¼°OÁ¿¸q¡]¥xÆW¡G¤Ö¦~Âk¥DªÀ¡A1984¦~¦Aª©¡^ p.5.

9 ¸q®¦ºÙ¡A¥X®J¤Î°O¡B§Q¥¼°OÁ`½×¡]¥xÆW¡G°ò·þ±Ð¨ó¦P·|¥Í©R¤§¹D¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1962¡^ p.77.

10 °£§Q¥¼°O¥~¡A¬ùÁÙ¦³¼»¤W¤Q¤@15¡A¤Q¤»1-13¡A¤Ü6¡F¤ý¤W¤@9¡B19¡A¤K63µ¥°O¸ü³æÄm¥­¦w²½¡C

11 ¥­¦w²½»PêO²½¦PÄmªº¸g¤åÁÙ¦³¼»¤U¤Ü¥|25¡F¤ý¤W¤K64¡F¥N¤U¤C6¡A¤Ü¤E31-39µ¥¡C

12 A.F. Rainey, "The Order of Sacrifices in OT Ritual Texts", Biblica 51, (1970) pp.485-498, esp. p.487.

13 ÁöµM§Q¥¼°OªºÄm²½³W±ø¤¤¨Ã¨S©ú¤å»¡¥X¡A¦ý°Ñ¥Á¤Q¤­1-21¡A¤Ü¤K©M¤Ü¤E¡A¥i¨£³o­ÓÄm²½¦¸§Ç¡C

14 §Q¤C12-14ªº¥­¦w²½¡]·P®¦²½¡^¬O»PµL»Ã»æ¡B²ÓÄѪº¯À²½¦PÄm¡A¤S°Ñ¥Á¤Q¤­3-4¡C

15 "Sacrifice and Offerings", ZPE V: pp.194-211, esp. p.201. ³o¥y»y¦b«e¤T³¹¥X²{¤K¦¸¡G¤@9¡B13¡B17¡]êO²½¡^¡A¤G2¡B9¡B12¡]¯À²½¡^¤T5¡B16¡]¥­¦w²½¡^

16 ¡u¥L/¥L­Ì¥²»X³j§K¡v¦b¥|¡B¤­¨â³¹¤¤¦@¥Î¤F¤E¦¸¡G¥|20¡B26¡B31¡B35¡A¤­10¡B13¡]Å«¸o²½¡^¡B16 ¡B18¡A¤»7¡]MT¤­26¡^¡]Å«·^²½¡^

17 °Ñµù12.

18 °Ñµù15.

19 B.A. Levine, "The Descriptive Tabernacle Texts of the Pentateuch", JAOS LXXXV(1965): 309-318; Gordon J. Wenham, Numbers, (IVP, 1981), pp.202-205¡A"Additional Note on Old Testament Sacrifice".

 

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­n±q¤ûúó©M¦Ïú󤤡AÄm¬¹¯b¬°¨Ñª«¡@¤¤¤åªºÂ½Ä¶¨Ã¤£³q¶¶¡A¦n¹³»¡¦b¤ûúó¦Ïú󤤦³¤@¨Ç¤£¬O¬¹¯b¡A¦]¦¹¥²¶·¿ï¾Ü¤û¦Ïú󪺬¹¯bÄm¤W¡A¨ä¥L¤û¦Ïú󤤫D¬¹¯b´N¤£¯àÄm¤W¡C¨ä¹ê¤û¦Ï³£¬O¬¹¯b¡A¦pªG­n»¡©úºØÃþ¡A³æ»¡­nÄm¤û¦Ï´N°÷©úÅã¤F¡A¥[¤W¬¹¯b¤Ï¦ÓÁc¤¾¦h¾l¡C³o¥y¸g¤åªº­ì¤å¦¸§Ç»P¤¤¤å¤£¦P¡Aª½Ä¶¬O¡G¡u§A­Ì­nÄm¬¹¯b¡A´N¬O¤ûúó©Î¦Ïúó¡C¡v44¬¹¯b¡] hm;heB\ b#he{ma{h¡^Áö¥i¯à¬O«ü¤HÃþ¥H¥~ªº¤@¤Á°Êª«¡]³Ð¤K1¡F§Q¤Q¤K23¡A¤Ü16¡^¡A¦ý¥D­nªº¥Î³~¡A¬O»P³¥Ã~¡]@wyl][,  hayya{h¡^¬Û¹ïªº¦Wµü¡Aªí¥Ü¬O¥Ñ¤H¹}¾iªº®a¯b¡]«ä°ªÄ¶¥»¡^¡C45©^Äm¬O¬ù·q«ôªº®Ö¤ß¡A¦Ó©^Ämªº¦]¯À¡A°£¤F¥Ì¤ß¼Ö·N¥~¡AÁÙ¶·¥I¤W¤ß¦å¡A¬O¦Û¤v¿Ë¤â³Ò¸L¦Ó±oªºªG®Ä¡C¥Ó¤Q¥|5¥´Ây±o¨Ó¤§ª«¡A¥i¥H«ö¥¿½T¤èªk®_±þ¦Y¥Î¡A¦ý¤£¥i¥H®³¨ÓÄm²½¡C

 

20 David Ewert, From Ancient Tablets to Modern Translation, (Zondervan, 1983) pp.37-38; E.A. Speiser, The Anchor Bible: Genesis, (Doubleday, 1964) p. XVII; Nahum M. Sarna, "Bible", Encyclopedia Judaica, IV: 819.

21 ¨Ò¦p­^¤å¥y¤lµ²ºc¡A°ÑKathleen Baron, Teach Yourself Good English, (English University Press, 1954) p.72; George P. Wilson, A Guide to Better English, (F.S. Crofts & Co., 1947) p.421.

22 ar:q: ªº¦o­Ó¥i¯à·N«ä½Ð°Ñ¾É½×¡C

23 L.J. Coppes, "ar:q:", TWOT 1: 810.

24 ÁöµM¤£¤Ö¸g¤å ar;q;¬O©I¥l¤H°õ¦æ¥ô°È¡A¨Ò¦p¥X¤G7¡u¥s¤@­Ó¥¤¶ý¨Ó¬°§A¥¤³o«Ä¤l¡v¡A¨ä¥Lªº¸g¤å¥i°ÑBDB p.895-896.

25 ar:q: ¦b¬ù¦@¥Î¤F724¦¸¡A¦ý§Q¥¼°O°£¤F¤@1¥~¡A¥u¦³8¦¸¡A¨ä¤¤¤Q¤T45½Ķ¬°³Û¥s¡A¤E1©M¤Q4¬O§h©J°õ¦æ¥ô°È¡A¨ä¾lªº¸g¤å³£¬O«Å¥l¥H¦â¦C·|²³»E¶°·q«ô¡]¤Ü¤T2¡B21¡B37¡A¤Ü¤­10¡^¡C

26 Harrison, Leviticus, p.40.

27 ar:qIm ¦b¬ù¥u¦³23¦¸¡A¦Ó§Q¥¼°O´N¦û11¦¸¡A¥þ³£¦b¤Ü¤T³¹¸`´Áªº«Å¥l¡]¤Ü¤T2¡B3¡B4¡B7¡B8¡B21¡B24¡B27¡B35¡B36¡B37¡^¡C

28 ¤£¤ÖĶ¥»±N§Æ§B¨Ó¤åw\ ³o³sÁiµü½Ķ¥X¨Ó¡A¤C¤Q¤h"kai", KJV "and", Living Bible "Now", NASV "Then".

29 Harrison, op.cit.

30 Wenham, Leviticus, p.49. °ò¥»¤W rBe dibber»P rm'a;  ~a{mar¤D¦P¸qµü¡A³£¥i½Ķ§@¾å³ë©Î»¡¡A¦ý¨â¦r­«ÂIµy¦³®t²§¡AGirdlestone»{¬°rm'a';'  ±Ò¥Üªº¤è¦¡¡A rBeD  e;  ±Ò¥Üªº¤º®e¡ASynonyms of the Old Testament, p.205; B.K. Walkte«o¦³¬Û¤Ïªº·N«ä¡A"  ", Theological Workbook of The Old Testament I: 179.

31 °ÑGirdlestone, Synonyms of the Old Testament, p.223. ¨Ò¦p¥§¤»7½Ķ ar:q; ¬°«ÅÁ¿¡A®³¤@2¡A¤T2¡B4¡B5§@«Å§i¡A¦Ó¦Wµü ha;yrq\  q#r|^'a{h«hĶ¬°©Ò§h©Jªº¡AÁɤ»¤Q¤@1¬O¶ÇºÖ­µªº¦P¸qµü¡C©Ò¥H ar;q; ¤]¬O¤C¤Q¤hĶ¥»khrussw  «ÅÁ¿ªº­«­n¥D§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¦r¡C

32 Wenham, Ibid.

33 ÁöµM³o¦W¦r¥¿½Tªº¦êªk¦bMT©M¥j¦Ñªº¶Ç²Î¨Ã¨S¦³»¡©ú¡A¦ýLXXÁöµM¦h¼Æ«öµS¤Ó¶Ç²Î±Nhw;hoy ½Ķ§@  kurio"¡]§Y y]n;doa} 'ado{nai¡^¡AµM¦Ó¦³¤@¨Ç¸g¤å¡A«o±N hwhy ­µÄ¶¬°\cs19iaw  ©M Iabe ¡A¥i¨£LXXĶªÌª¾¹D¦¹¦W¦rÀ³¸Óµo­µ¬°hwehy; ¡C½Ð°ÑSidney Jellicoe, The Septuagint and Modern Study, (Oxford University Press, 1968) pp.270-272; J.B. Payne, " hy;h; ", TWOT 1: 210-212; R.L. Harris, "The Pronounciation Of the Tetragram", in J.H. Skilton, ed., The Law and the Prophets(Presbyterian and Reformed, 1974) pp.215-224.

34 ¦³Ãö¥X¤T13-15»P­C©MµØªº¦W·N¡A½Ð°Ñ³¯¥É´Åºë±mªº°Q½×¡A¡u¼¯¦è»X¥l¡G¥X®J¤Î°O²Ä¤T³¹¬ã¨s¡]¤@¡^¡v¸t¸g³ø´_¥Z¡A²Ä¤Ê¤G¨÷(1978) ¡G57-59.

35 wK;V]mi mishkanÁö¤j¦h¼Æ»P r[woOmh,ao ~o{hel mo^'e{d ³q¥Î¡A¦ý¤]¦³¨Ç¸g¤å¬O¦³¤£¦P·N«ä¡A¨Ò¦p¥X¥|¤Q29·|¹õªº±b¹õ¡Ar[ewOm lh,ao wK'V\moi mishkan ~o{hel mo^'e{d¡A±b¹õ¬OºÝµü(construct state)¡A¬O·|¹õªº¤@³¡¥÷¡C¨ä¹ê¥X¥|¤Q2¡B6¤]¬O¦P¼Ëªºµ²ºc¡AµM¦Ó¤¤¤å¥u½Ķ¬°±b¹õ¡A¬Ù²¤¤F·|¹õ¡A¦Ó¥X¤Ê¤E39¦P¼Ëªºµ²ºc«o½Ķ¬°¡u±b¹õ§Y¬O·|¹õ¡v¨Ã¤£¥¿½T¡C

36 °ÑBDB, pp.1014-1016¡A¤¤¤å½Ķ¬°¦í¡B©~¦í¡B¦í±J¡B°±µ¥¡C

37 ¥X¤Ü¤»13¡B36¡A¤Ê¤»37¡F¥Á¤Q¤K4¡F¸Ö¤Q¤­1¡A¤Ü¤C5¡B6¡A¤»¤Q¤@4µ¥¡C¦Ó¥X¤Ê¤E33»Pmishka{n ¤@¦P¥X²{¡A¦ý¨â¦r³£Â½Ä¶¬°±b¹õ¡C¨ä¹ê­^¤å½Ķ¤]¦P¼Ë²V¶Ã¡A°ÑHarrison, Leviticus, p.41.

38 ¥X¤Ê¤@7¡A¤Ê¤T7¡B8¡B9¡B10¡B11¡F¥Ó¤Ê¤@15¡F¥N¤U¤­5¡Fµ²¥|¤Q¤@1µ¥¡C

39 Harrison«ü¥X"The word mo^'e{d has been discovered in an Egyptian source dated about 1100 B.C. and referring to the assembly of the people of Byblus", Leviticus, p.41.

40 °ÑR.A. Cole, Exodus, p.191.

41 °ÑNoth, Exodus, p.177.

42 Harrison, op cit. p.42.

43 §Æþ¤å korbaua" ´N¬O wB'r]q; qorbanªº­µÄ¶¡C

44 §Æ§B¨Ó¤å¡G¬¹¯b¡A¤ûúó©M¦Ïúó hm;heB]h' rq'B;h @axh'  ¦U¦³«aÃã(definite article)¡A©Ò¥H³o¤T­Ó¦r³£¬O¿W¥ßµü(absolute state) ¡A¤£¥i¯à¬OºÝµü¡X¿W¥ßµü(construct-absolute)ªº²Õ¦X¦Wµü¡C©Ò¥H¤£¥i¯à¬O¡u¤ûúó©M¦Ïú󤤪º¬¹¯b¡v¡A¦]¬°¬¹¯b©M¤ûúó¨â¦r¤¤¯Ê¤Ö³s±µµü(conjunction)¡A©Ò¥H¤]¤£¬O¡u¬¹¯b¡A©Î¤ûúó¡A©Î¦Ïúó¡v¤§·N¡C³Ì¦X¾AªºÂ½Ä¶¡AÀ³µ¹¡u¤ûúó©M¦Ïúó¡v§@¦P¦ì¸m(apposition)¡A·N«ä¡u¬¹¯b¡A§Y¤ûúó©M¦Ïúó¡v¡C¤å²z¦ê¯]¡G¡uº¸¤¤¦³±ýÄm¬¹¬°Â§¡A¥²¥H¤û¦Ï©^§Ú¡v¡F§f®¶¤¤¡G¡u§A­Ì¤¤¶¡­Y¦³¤H­n±q¬¹¤f¤¤§â¨Ñª«Äm»P¥ÃùÚ¥D¡A´N­n±q¤ûúó¦Ïú󤤱a¨Ñª«¨ÓÄm¤W¡v¡F«ä°ªÄ¶¥»¡G¡u§A­Ì¤¤¶¡­Y¦³¤HÄ@·N¥Ñ®a¯b¤¤Ämµ¹¤W¥D©^Äm²½¾Â¡AÀ³¥H¤û¦Ï§@§A­Ìªº²½«~¡v¡C³o´X­Ó¤¤¤å½ĶÁöµM±N¬¹¯b©M¤ûúó¦Ïúó¤À¶}¡A«o¶·±NMTªº¤À¥y²Å¸¹Athnah¡]Åã¥Ü¤@¸`¤§¤@¥bªº²Å¸¹¡^®¿®ë¡A¨Ï¬¹¯bÂk¤H¤W¥b¡C³o¼Ë¦w±Æ¡A¨Ï­«ÂI©ñ¦b¨Ñª«¬Y¤@ºØÃþªº«ü¥Ü¡A­Y¥H¬¹¯b¬°¨Ñª«¡A¥²¶·¥Î¤û¦Ï¡]¦pªG¿ï¾Ü¤£¬O¬¹¯bªº¨ä¥LºØÃþ¨Ñª«¡A¤U­±³W¨Ò´N¤£¾A¥Î¡^¡C¦ýMTªº¥y¤lµ²ºc¡A¬¹¯b¤£¬O¨Ñª«ªºÃþ«¬¡A¦Ó¬O¨Ñª«ªº±ø¥ó¡A©Ò¥H±N¬¹¯b»P¤û¦Ï¤À¶}¨Ã¤£¾A·í¡C

45 °ÑBDB, pp.96-97.¨Ò¦p³Ðl¤@24¡B25¡A¤G20¡F§Q¤Ü¤»22¡A¬¹¯b(hm;heB'] )»P³¥Ã~( hy;j')¤À¶}¨Ã¦C¡AÅã¥Ü¨âªÌ¤DÄݤ£¦PÃþªº°Êª«¡C

 

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¿N¡@ª`·N³oùتº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¬O ryFiq]hi  hiqtir¦Ó¤£¬O #r'c; sa{raph¡C #r'c; sa{raph¬O´¶³qªºµI¿N¡A¦bÀç¥~±N¤£¯àÄm¤Wªº²½¬¹³¡¥÷¿N·´¡]¥|2¡B21¡A¤»23¡A¤K17¡A¤E11¡A¤Q16¡F¥X¤Ü¤E14¡Fµ²¥|¤Q¤T21¡^¡A¥u¦³´X¦¸¬O«ü¦b¾Â¤W¿N¡A¦ý³£¬O«ü¤@¨Ç¤£¦X¥G¯«¤ß·Nªº¨Æ¡A¨Ò¦pÄm¤H¬°²½¡]¥Ó¤Q¤G31¡F¤ý¤U¤Q¤C31¡F­C¤C31¡^©ÎµI¤ÆÀe°©¡]¤ý¤U¤Ü¤T16¡F¥N¤U¤Ê¥|5¡^¡C¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A ?? hiqt|^r¬OÂkºaÄ£µ¹¯«ªº°Ê§@¡A¬ù±`¥Î³o¿N¦r½×Äm¦b¾Â¤W¤§ª«¡A¦pêO²½ªº¦×¡]¤@9¡B13¡B15¡B17¡^¡A¯À²½§@°O©Àªº¤@§âÄÑ¡]¤G2¡B9¡B16¡^¡A¥­¦w²½ªº¯×ªo¡]¤T4¡B5¡B11¡B16¡^¤ÎÅ«¸o²½¡BÅ«·^²½ªº¯×ªo¡]¥|10¡B19¡B26¡B35¡^©M­»¡]¥X¤Ê7¡B8¡A¥|¤Q27¡^¡C70

ÄÉ­»¡@j'wOjuyni re{ach nichoah¡A¤B¨}¤~¥¿½T¦a«ü¥X¡AÄÉ­»¤£¬O§Î®e¿N²½¦×ªº­»®ð¡A¦]¬°¡G¡u(1)³Q¿Nªº¦×©M¯×ªo¥»¨Ó¨S¦³¬Æ»ò­»®ð¡F(2)¦bÀç¥~©Ò¿N¤§Å«¸o²½ªº®ð¨ý»PÄÉ­»²½¤]¬O¤@¼Ë¡A«o¤£ºÙ¬°ÄÉ­»²½¡A¥i¨£ÄÉ­»¨â­Ó¦r¬O­É³ëµü¡C¡v71¨ä¹ê j'Oju]ioyni nicho{ah¨Ã¨S¦³ÄÉ¡]§Yªâ­»¡^72ªº§t·N¡A¦r®Ú j'Wn nu{ah·N«ä¬O¡u¦w®§¡v¡A j'wojyni nicho{ah´N¬O¡u¼¾¼¢¡A¦w©w¡A¹çÀR¡vªº·N«ä¡A73©Ò¥H²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡u¥O¤W¥D³ß®®ªº­»®ð¡v©ÎNIVªºa pleasing aroma¸û¬°¦X¾A¡C

¤õ²½¡@ÁöµM¤¤¤åĶ¥»³£±N hVeai  ishsheh½Ķ¬°¤õ²½¡Aù¼w½^(Noordtzij)´£¿ô¡uÄY®æ¨Ó»¡¡A³o¬O¿ù»~ªº¡A¦]¬°¯Ê¥F§ó¦nªº¿ï¾Ü¡A©Ò¥H¤´µM«O«ù³o­Ó½Ķ¡C³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r  hVeai 'ishsheh®Ú¥»»P¤õ¡] Vae 'e{sh}µLÃö¡A¥uÅã¥Ü¥HÄm²½¬°»P¯«­««Ø©M¿ÓÃö«Yªº³~®|¡C¡^74°£¤F¿N¦b¾Â¤Wªº²½ª«¥~¡A²½¥q³ð¥Îªº²½¬¹³¡¥÷¡]¤G3¡B10¡A¤C30¡B35¡^©M³¯³]»æ¡]¤Ü¥|7¡B9¡^¨S¦³©ñ¦b¾Â¤W¸g¤õªº³£ºÙ¬°\cs16  hVeai 'ishsheh¡A¥i¨£¤õ²½¡@¨Ã«D³Ì¦nªºÂ½Ä¶¡C©Ò¥H¦³¾ÇªÌ´£Ä³³o¦r¬O±q  hn'eai 'a{nash©µ¦ù¥X¨Ó¡A«ü¬°¤F²£¥Í¯«¤H¶¡¤Í½ËÃö«Yªº¤@¥ó§ª«¡A75¤]¦³¥H¬°·½¥X®q¥[¨½¤å(Ugaritic)'it[t¡A¥i¯à¬O¤@¥ó¤j§(generous gift)¡A76¦ýªñ¥N­^¤åĶ¥»¡A¦pNew English Bible(NEB)¡AToday English Version(TEV)«o½Ķ¬°food offering­¹ª«²½¡A»{¬°¬O±q¨È¥Ò¤å(Akkadian)eshsheshuºtÅÜ¥X¨Ó¡Ceshsheshu¬O¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦Ì(Mesopotamia)¥D«e¤T¤d¦Ü¤@¤d¦~¥ª¥k±`±`Á|¦æªº¼y¨å¡AÄm¤Wªº²½ºÙ¬°eshsheshu²½¡A¦ÓÄm²½ªº«ü¥Ü¤]»P§Æ§B¨Óªº  hVeai ishsheh±µªñ¡C hVeai ishsheh¦b¤T1¡B16¡A¤Ü¤@6¡B21»P­¹ª«¡] sj,l, lechemÄÑ¥]¡A¤@­Ó«ü¤é±`­¹ª«ªº¦r¡^¬Û´£¨Ã½×¡A§ó¥O¤Hı±o³o­Ó¥i¯à¬O¤õ²½ªº·N«ä¡C·íµM­C©MµØ¨Ã¤£³ð­¹ª«¡A¤W¸`ªºÂ\³]ºá®u¡] &r'[; 'a{rak¡^¡A©M¥»¸`ªºÄÉ­»®ð¨ý¡A¥[¤W  hVeai ishsheh­¹ª«¡A³£¬OÀÀ¤Hªk(anthropomorphism)ªº­×Ãã¦r¥y¡Aªí¹F¥Ì¤ß¼Ö·NªºÄm¤WêO²½¨Ï­C©MµØ¨É¨ü©Mº¡¨¬¡C

 

46  hl;[;¦b¬ù¦@¥Î¤F®t¤£¦h900¦¸¡A¤¤¤å½Ķ§@¤W¥h¡]¶W¹L300¦¸¡^¡A¤W¨Ó¡]¶W¹L200¦¸¡^©M¤W¤É¡]17¦¸¡^¡A¤Þ¦ùªº§Î®eµü©M¦Wµü³£¦³Ãþ¦ü·N«ä¡C hl;[ o{la^h ¦bÄm²½¥H¥~ªºÂ½Ä¶¬Oµn©Î¥x¶¥¡]µ²¥|¤Q26¡^¡A}yL['  'all|^ ¤W­±upper, hy;li[ '@l|^ya^h ³»¼Óroof-chamber, @wyl][, °ª¡A@wyl][,  'elyon¦Ü°ªªÌ¡A l['mo mo'al ¤É°ªLifting, hl,[}M'  ma'aleh¤W¦æascent, l['m' ¤W¥b³¡higher part, hl'[}M' ma'ala^h¤É¤W¨Óªºwhat comes up©Î±è¯Åstair.

47 G.L. Carr, " hl;[; ", TWOT II p.667; N. Snaith, "Sacrifice in the Old Testament", VT 7: 309

48 ©M¦X¥»³o¤T¸`¸g¤å³£Â½Ä¶§@¡u¥þ¬¹ªºêO²½¡v¡A«Ü®e©ö¤Þ¾É¤H¿ù»~¥H¬°¦³¡u¨Ç¤£¬O¥þ²½¬¹¿N¤WªºêO²½¡C¤å²z¡uºÉµI²½¡v¤ñ¸û¤W±µªñ­ì¤å¡A¦ý¬d¹ê lyliM; µÛ­«©Ê½è©MºA«×§¹¥þ¡A¦Ó¤£¬O¤èªk©Î¼Æ¶qªººÉµI¡]°Ñ" llk ¡ATWOT 1: 439-440¡^.

49 §f®¶¤¤Ä¶¥»¡A«ä°ªÄ¶¥»¡A²{¥N¤åĶ¥»¡A«È®a¸ÜĶ¥»©M¼sªF¸ÜĶ¥»¡C

50 ¬ù¤¤¦h¦¸¥H§¹¥þsymiH'; ©Î st; ta{m, HM;Hu tumma{h§Î®e¤Hªº¹D¼w¬ü¦n©M¤H®æ§¹¾ã¡A¨Ò¦p®¿¨È¡]³Ð¤»9¡^¡B¨È§B©Ô¨u¡]³Ð¤Q¤C1¡^¡B¶®¦U¡]³Ð¤Ü¤­27¡A©M¦X¥»Ä¶§@¥­ÀR¡^¡A¬ù§B¡]§B¤@8¡A¤G3¡B4 ¯Â¥¿¡F¤E20¡B21¡B22¡A¤Q¤G4¡A¤Ü¤­5¡A¤Ê¤@6 ¥¿¡^©M¥ô¦ó¦æ¬°¥¿ª½ªº¤H¡]¸Ö¤Q¤­2¡^¡C

51 Noth, Leviticus, p.22; Wenham, Leviticus, p.55.

52 Harrison, Leviticus, pp.43-44.

53 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OÄÀ¸q¡Ap.2.

54 Snaith, Leviticus, p.29.

55 »X®®¯Ç¤£¬O¥¿½TªºÂ½Ä¶¡A¦]¬°±N @woOxr; ra{tso^n ³o¦Wµü»P°Êµü hxr; ra{tsa{h ªº³Q°Ê¦¡(Niphal stem)¤¤Ä¶»X®®¯Ç(4)²V²c¡C

56 ¨ä¥L¸g¤å¥i°ÑEnglishman's Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance, (Zondervan, 1970) pp.1189-1190.

57 ¯À²½¨Ã¨S¦³³o¶µµ{§Ç¡A¦]¬°¤£¥i¯à¦P®ÉÂù¤â©^¤W²½ª«¤S¯à«ö¤â¦b²½ª«¤W¡A¨Ã¥BÂù¤â©^¤W¤w¥]§t¤F«ö¤â¦b²½¬¹ÀY¤Wªº·N«ä¡C

58 ½Ð°ÑM.C. Sansom, "Laying On of Hands In The Old Testament", Expository, Times 94(1983) 323-326.

59 Waw ¡Ï perfect tense¦³Åã¥Ü¥Øªº¤§·N¡]cf GK 165a, §Q¤Q¥|36¡^¡C

60 ¤¤¤å¨S¦³§â yli ¥N´À¥L(on his behalf)Ķ¥X¨Ó¡C

61 Roland de Vaux, Ancient Israels, II: 449.

62 Wenham, Leviticus, p.57; Sansom, "Laying On of Hands in the Old Testament", p.324.

63 Keil, Biblical Archaeology I, p.317.

64 De Vaux, Studies, p.37. ÁÙ¦³¨ä¥L¾ÇªÌ«ù¬Û¦PÆ[ÂI¡CGispen, Exodus, p.47; A.F. Rainey, "Sacrifice and Offerings", ZEPB 5: 205ff.µ¥¡C

65 ¤ñ¸ûMilton, "The King and Parliament will soon be reconciled", "Atonement", Encycl. Judia 3: 830; "The English word atonement("at-one-ment) significantly conveys the underlying Judaic concept of atonement, i.e. reconciliation with God", Webster's Third New International Dictionary, (G & C. Merriam, 1971) p.139: "restoration of friendly relaionship".

66 Jerusalem Bible: "pour".

67 Hamilton. Handbook on the Pentateuch, p.256.

68 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡Ap.4.

69 ³o»ö¦¡¥i¤ñ¸û¯¸¦b¸t¦a¶·²æ¾c¤lªº©R¥O¡]¥X¤T5¡F®Ñ¤­15¡^¡C²{®É¶i¤J¦^±Ð¦x¤´¶·²æ¾c¡C

70 ­»¡A§Æ§B¨Ó¤å tr,fOq] q#to^re{th¤]¬O±q  rFq qa{tar¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Ó¡C

71 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡Ap.6.

72 ÀF®¶¿³¥D½s¡A·í¥N°ê»y¤jÃã¨å¡A¡]¥x¥_¡G¦Ê¬ì¤å¤Æ¡A1984¡^ p.1424; ±i¨ä©û¥D½s¡A¤¤¤å¤jÃã¨å²Ä¤Q¥|¨÷¡]¥x¥_¡G¤¤¤å¾Ç³N°|¡A1980¡^ p.16327.

73 BDB, p.629.

74 Noordtzij, Leviticus, p.39.

75 Elliger, Leviticus, (1966) p.35

76 G.R. Driver, Ugaritica 6, (1969) pp.181-184.

 

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77 North, Leviticus, p.24.

 

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¦Ü©ó¥­¦w²½ jb'z, zebah¡A¤]¬O¤@­Ó¥j¥NªñªF±`¨£ªº¦r¡A·N«ä¬OÄm²½¡A¥]¬A¦UºØÃþªº²½©M¬°Äm²½¦Ó®_±þ²½¬¹ªº¦æ°Ê¡A94©Ò¥H¤¤¤å¸t¸g°£¤F¦b§Q¥¼°O¥H¥~¡A¯S§O¦b³Ð¥@°O¤Î¥X®J¤Î°O¡A±Njb'z; za{bachªº°Êµü½Ķ¬°Äm¡]²½¡^¡A95 hb'z, zebach³o¦Wµü°®¯Ü¥uºÙ©I²½¡A96¦Ó¦Û±q®¿¨È¶}©l¡]³Ð¤K20¡^¡A¤@¤ÁÄm¤W²½ª«ªº¾Â¡A§Æ§B¨Ó¤å jBez]mi mizbe{ah´N¬O±q hb'z, zebah¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Óªº¦Wµü¡C¸g¹L§Q¥¼°O¶i¤@¨BÁ¿¸Ñ  hb'z ªº¥Øªº©M²½ªÁ¤èªk«á¡A¥­¦w²½¤´«O«ùºÙ¬°²½¡]ÁöµM§Q¥¼°O°Q½×¥­¦w²½®É¡A¦b²½¦r¤§«áªþ¥[ sym,l;V] sh#la{m|^n¡A¦ý¥Ñ¥Á¼Æ°O¶}©l¡A¬ù¥uºÙ¥­¦w²½¬°²½¡^¡A97¥i¨£§Q¥¼Äm²½ªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¨Ã¤£¼o°£Â¦³»ö¦¡¥t³]·s¨î¡A¦Ó¬Oº¥¶i©Ê¦a±N·sªº«ü¥Ü©M·N¸q¡A¸É¥R©ó¤w¦³ªº±Ò¥Ü¡A¨Ï¯«ªº¦®·NÀHú¦®É¤é·U¨Ó·U²M·¡¡C

§Q¥¼°O¤ñ¸û¼¯¦è¤­¸gªº«e¨â¨÷¡A³Ì©úÅ㪺º¥¶i©ÊÄm²½±Ò¥Ü¡A²ö¹L©ó¸o²½ªº³]¥ß¡C¤HÃþ¥Ç¸o©M¯«®¦¨å¬@±Ï¬O³Ð¥@°Oªº¤@­Ó¥DÃD¡A¦ý¦b§Q¥¼°O¤§«e¡A¸t¸g¨Ã¨S¦³«ü¥Ü¸o¤H¦p¦ó¸Ñ¨M¡F¤H¥u¦³³Q°Êµ¥­Ô¯«ªº¼¦¼§¡A¤£¯à¿n·¥´M¨DÅ«¸o¡A³o¥i¯à´N¬O«Où¦bù°¨®Ñ¤¤ªº±Ð°V¡G¡u¨S¦³«ßªk¤§¥ý¡A¸o¤w¸g¦b¥@¤W¡A¦ý¨S¦³«ßªk¡A¸o¤]¤£ºâ¸o¡C¡v¦b¦è¤D¤s¹{§G«ßªk¤§«e¡A¤HÁö¥Ç¸o¡A¦ý¯Ê¥F«ÈÆ[¼Ð·Ç§PÂ_¤H¨¥¦æªº°¾®t¡A¡u¨S¦³«ßªkªº¥~¨¹¤H¡A­Y¶¶ú¦¥»©Ê¦æ«ßªk¤Wªº¨Æ¡A¥L­ÌÁöµM¨S¦³«ßªk¡A¦Û¤v´N¬O¦Û¤vªº«ßªk¡A³o¬OÅã¥X«ßªkªº¥\¥Î¨è¦b¥L­Ì¤ßùØ¡A¥L­Ì¬O«D¤§¤ß¦P§@¨£ÃÒ¡A¨Ã¥B¥L­Ìªº«ä©À¤¬¬Û¸û¶q¡A©Î¥H¬°¬O¡A©Î¥H¬°«D¡C¡v¡]ù¤G14-15¡^¬JµM¨}¤ß¬O§PÂ_·Ç«h¡A¨S¦³ªk«ß¨î©w§P¸o³W±ø¡A¦ÛµM¤]¨S¦³©ú¤åÁ¿½×Å«¸oªº¤èªk¡C¤Î¦Ü¦è¤D¤s¥ß¬ù«á¡A¯«¹{§G¤Q»|¤Î¨ä¥L«ßªk¡A²M·¡¹º©w§P¸o¼Ð·Ç¤Î¤º®e¡A¦P®É¤]¦w±Æ¸Ñ²æªk«ß§P¸oªº³~®|¡A¦]¦¹Å«¸o²½©MÅ«·^²½´N¦b¯«±Ò¥Üªºµo®i¤¤¡AÀ³¹B¦Ó¥Í¡A¨Ï¦³Ãö¸o´c»P±ÏÅ«ªº¯«¾Ç¡A¶i¤@¨B¦aªí¹ü©ú¥Õ¡C

§Q¥¼°OÄm²½Â§»ö¡A°£¤FÅã¥Ü¯«±Ò¥Üº¥¶i©Ê¥~¡A§óµ¹¤©«H®{¬ãŪ¥»®Ñªº­ì«h¡A¬JµM¼¯¦è®Ñ¼g§Q¥¼°O®É¡A¬O®Ú¾Ú¤w¦³ªº±Ò¥Ü¥[¥Hµo´§¡A´N¤£¥H²{¦³ªº±Ò¥Ü¤w¸g§¹¥þ¡A©T¨B¦Û«Ê¡C¦P¼Ë¡A¥H¦â¦C¤H¬Jª¾¼¯¦è«ü±æ±N¨Ó¤ñ¥L°¶¤jªº¥ýª¾¨Ó¶ÇÁ¿§ó§¹¬üªº±Ò¥Ü¡]¥Ó¤Q¤K15-19¡^¡A¥L­Ì¤]´N©úÁA¼¯¦è«ÅÁ¿ªº²½ªÁ³W±ø¤]«D¯«³Ì²×ªº±Ò¥Ü¡C©Ò¥H¬ã¨s§Q¥¼°O®É¡A¤Á¤Å§Ñ°O±Ò¥Üªºº¥¶i©Ê»¡©ú¯«¸Ü»y¥Rº¡°Ê¤O(dynamic)¡A¤£¥i³æ¥H²M·¡­ì¤å¦r¸q¬°ÄÀ¸g¥\¤Òªº²×µ²¡A¥²¶·¦b¸g¤å¤¤«ä¯Á¼¯¦è¦b®Ñ¼gêO²½³W±ø®É¡A¤åùئ涡¬yÅS¬Æ»ò©^Ämªº¼ç¦b±Ð°V¡A¦b¥H«áªº±Ò¥Ü¡A©Î¦b¬ù¡B©Î¦b°ò·þ¡B©Î¦b·s¬ùÄ~Äòµo´­¡A¦n¥s«H®{¤´¯à¦b¸tÆF¤Þ¾É¤U¡A¥Rº¡°Ê¤O¦a±NêO²½¯u¸qªí¹ü¡C

 

83 ¿à¯S¡A¡u¥H¦â¦Cªº«H¥õ¡v¡A¸t¸g¦ÒÄÀ¤j¥þ¡]¤W¥U¡^¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1970¡^ p.415.

84 ¥i°Ñ¦ÒJ.A. Thompson, Handbook of Life in Times, (IVP, 1986) pp.315-326; Othmar Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms, (Seabury, 1978); R. de Vaux, Ancient Israel, vol 2, (Darton, Longman & Todd, 1961); K.A. Kitchen, The Bible In Its World, (IVP, 1978)µ¥¡C

85 ¦P¤W¡App.417-418

86 Áú©Ó¨}¡A¦Ø¥¼¬öÄÀ¸q¡App.25-26

87 "Sacrifice", Encycl. Jud.: 614.

88 ¨Ò¦p¦P¤G11¡A¤»6¡A¤K13¡F¼¯¥|4¡B5¡A¤­21ff¡A¤K10¡FÁɤ@10ff¡A¥|¤Q¤T23¡F­C¤»19ff¡A¤C21ff¡A¤Q¥|11ff¡F¸Ö¥|¤Q6¡A¤­¤Q9ff¡A¤­¤Q¤@16¡A¤»¤Q¤E30f¡F½e¤Q¤­8¡A¤Q¤»6¡A¤Ü¤@3µ¥¡C

89 ²{¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»¡C

90 Sharon Burns, "The Roots of Christian Prayer and Spirituality in Judaism", in A.W. Sadler, ed., Journey of Western Spirituality, (Scholar, 1981) p.31.

91 Äõ©i¡A°ò·þ±ÐÄÀ¸g¾Ç¡Ap.93.

92 ´µ¦«±o¡A»{ÃѸt¸g¡]®Õ¶é¡A1976¡^¡App.200-201; ¦³Ãöº¥¶i©ÊÙw¥Üªº¶i¤@¨B°Q½×¡A¥i°Ñ¦ÒÄõ©i¡A¤W¤Þpp.93-95; John Bright, The Authority of the Old Testament, (Abingdon, 1967) pp.187-189; Geerhardus Vos, Biblical Theology, (Eerdmans, 1948) pp.13-17; G.F. Oehlar, Theology of the Old Testament, pp.41-42; C.K. Lehman, Biblical Theology: (Herald Press, 1971) pp.35-38; Gerhard Hasel, Old Testament Theology: Basic Issues in The Current Debate, 3rd edition, (Eerdmans 1982) pp.45-50.

93 ¬ù§B°O¼g§@¤é´ÁÁöµM·¥¨ãª§½×©Ê¡A¦ýµ§ªÌ²`«H¬ù§B¨ä¤H¨ÆÂÝ«hÄݦC¯ª®É¥N¡A¦³Ãö³o¨Ç°ÝÃD¡A½Ð°Ñ¦Ò¤R¬¥§J(C.H. Bullock)µÛ¡A¿à«Ø°ê/³¯¿³ÄõĶ¡A¦Ê¬ù¸Öºq´¼¼z®Ñ¾É½×¡A¡]µØ¯«¡A1984¡^ pp.53-56; ¦ã°ò·s(C.L. Archer, Jr)¡A¬ù·§½×¡App.541-547.

94 B. Lang, " jbz; ", TDOT IV: 8-18.

95 ³Ð¤Ê¤@54¡A¥|¤Q¤»1¡F¥X¤T18¡A¤­3¡B8¡B17¡A¤K8¡B25¡B26¡B27¡B28¡B29¡A¤Ü24¡A¤Ü¤G20¡A¤Ü¥|5¡A¤Ê¤G8¡A¤Ê¥|15¡C

96 ³Ð¤Ê¤@54¡A¥|¤Q¤»1¡F¥X¤Q¤G27¡A¤Q¤K12¡A¤Ü¥|5¡A¤Ü¤E28.

97 °£§Q¥¼°O¥~¡A¥u¦³¥Á¼Æ°O13¦¸¡A¥t¨ä¾l¬ù6¦¸¡A¤´¥H§Q¥¼°O©Òµ¹ªº¥þ¦Wsymil;V] jb'z,,]]]] ºÙ©I¥­¦w²½¡A¥Ñ¥Á¤Q10¶}©l¡A¬ùµ´¤j¦h¼Æ³£¶Ç²Î¦aºÙ jjb'z, zebah, ²½¡C

 

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¾¤°i¼w(G.A. Knight)«ü¥X©^ÄmµÛ­«¤ßÆF¡G¡uÄm²½ªº·N«ä´N¬Oµh­W¡C¡v110êO²½¥²¶·±þ¬¹¬y¦å¡A¦º¤`¬O´Ý»Å©Mµh­Wªº¡C¤@¤è­±²´¨£²½¬¹¨ü¨ë´d¸¹¡AºCºC¬y¦å­P¦º¡AÄm²½ªÌ¿Ë¤â®_¬¹¡A¨­¤âº¡¬V¦å¦Ã¡A¥²·P¬V¦º¤`ªºµh­W¡C°£¤F´º¹³¥i©È¥~¡A¤ßÆF¥t¤@¤è­±ªºµh­W¬O¦]¬°»P²½¬¹ªºÃö«Y¡C²Ä2¸`«ü©ú¤H¥²¶·¥H®a¯b¬°²½¬¹¡A¬J¹}³d·ÓÅU¤@¬q®É¶¡¡AÃø§K²£¥Í·P±¡¡A¹ï°È¹Aªº¥H¦â¦C¤H¡A¬¹¤f¹ê¦b»P¥L­Ì®§®§¬ÛÃö¡A¿Ë¤â§â¥¦®_±þ¡A°£´Ý§Ô¥~¨ä¤¤¤]¥]¬A·P±¡¤W¤ÀÂ÷ªºµh­W¡C¦óªp²½¬¹¬O¡u¤ûÃ}¡v¡]5¸`¡^¡A¼ç½èÁÙ¥¼µo´§¡A²@µL¦¨´N¦a«K³Q±þ¡A§ó¥O¤H¡A±{±¤¡Cªp¥B¸g«ö¤â«á¡A²½¬¹¹ê»Ú¤w¸g¬OÄm²½ªÌªº¥Nªí¡A³o¶H¼x«H®{±N¨­ÅéÄm¤W·í§@¬¡²½¡A¬O¯«©Ò³ß®®ªº¡A«o¤]¶·¥Iµh­W©ù¶Q¥N»ù¡A±NªÏÅéÄmµ¹¸q§@¥£¹²¡]ù¤»15-23¡^¡A¡u©Ò¥H­nªv¦º§A­Ì¦b¦a¤WªºªÏÅé¡v¡]¦è¤T5¡^¡FÄm¦b¾Â¤W³à¥¢¦Û¥Ñ¡Aªv¦º§ó¬Oµh­Wªº¹Lµ{¡C

 

98 "Sacrifice in the Old Testament", The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia 4: 2638.

99 J. Behm, " qusia , " °ÑTDNT III: 181.

100 ¦b¬ù¦@9¦¸¡A·s¬ù4¦¸¡]°£¥»¸`¥~¡AÁÙ¦³Ã¹¤E4¡F¨Ó¤E1¡B6¡^³£¬O«ü¬ùªº²½ªÁ¡A°ÑK. Hess, "Serve", DNTT III: 549-551.

101 Lesli, C. Allen, ¡uù°¨®Ñ¡v¡A²{¥N¤¤¤å¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1983¡^¡Ap.1202.

102 E.F. Harrison, ¡uù°¨®Ñ¡vºØ¬ó¸t¸gµùÄÀ¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1981¡^¡Ap.269.

103 Harrison, Leviticus, p.43.

104 ¤¤¤åªº­n©Î³\¥i¥H§@¬°±N¨Óªº¦æ°Ê¡A¦ý­^¤å"he shall...... "¦Ó¤£¥Î"he will......"±N§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº©R¥O¥y»y½Ķ¥X¨Ó¡C

105 ¨Ò¦p¸ÓÁô¡B¨È§B¡]³Ð¥|4-5¡^¡B®¿¨È¡]³Ð¤K20¡^¡B¨È§B©Ô¨u¡]³Ð¤Q¤G7¡A¤Ü¤G9¡^¡B¥H¼»¡]³Ð¤Ü¤»25¡^¡B¶®¦U¡]³Ð¤Ê¤T10¡^¡B¸­ÊÖù¡]¥X¤Q¤K12¡^¡B¬ù§B¡]§B¤@5¡A¥|¤Q¤G8¡^

106 ¤B¨}¤~¡A§Q¥¼°OµùÄÀ¡App.1-2

107 Wenham, Leviticus, p.51.

108 lbid.

109 Noordtzij, Leviticus, p.30; ¿Ëªñ(hiqrib)ªº·N¸q¡A½Ð°Ñv3µù¡C

110 G.A. Knight, Leviticus, (Daily Study Bible)(Westminister, 1981), p.15.

 

·s¬ù¹wªí

·s¬ù¥u¦³¤G³B¸g¤å©úÅã´£¤ÎêO²½¡]¥i¤Q¤G33¡F¨Ó¤Q6-8¡^¡A³£¬Oª½±µ©Îµy·L·NĶªº¤Þ¥Î¬ù¡C°£¦¹¥H¥~¡AÁÙ¦³´X³BÁö¨S»¡©ú¡A¦ý¬O©I¤§±ý¥Xªº·t¥Ü¡]¸ô¤G24¤ñ¸û§Q¤Q¤G6¡F¸ô¤Q¤C14¤ñ¸û§Q¤Q¥|2ff¡F®{¤Ü¤@26¤ñ¸û¥Á¤»14¡^¡C

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¬ù³Ì¨ã¹wªí©ÊªºêO²½¥iºâ¬O¨È§B©Ô¨uÄm¥H¼»¡]³Ð¤Ü¤G¡^¡C¦­´ÁµS¤Ó©Ô¤ñ­Ì¦h¦³±j½Õ¥H¼»ªºêO²½·N¸q¡A»{¬°¨C¤éÄm¤WêO²½©M¹O¶V¸`¯Ì¦Ï³£¬O´£¿ô¥L­Ì°O©À¥H¼»ªº±Ë¤v¡A³o­ÓAkedah¡]§Æ§B¨Ó¤å hr;qe[} ·N«ä¬O¡e¥H¼»ªº¡f¸i¸j¡^ªº±Ð°V¡A´N¬OÄm²½¡A¦u¸`©Î¬è몺ºë·N¡A111¼w¨½·O¬Û·í¤¤ªÖ¦aµû½×¡G¡uµS¤Ó±Ðµø¥H¼»¸i¸jÄm¤W¬O«í¤[¦³®Äªº¦æ°Ê¡A¨Ï¥H¦â¦C¥i±o¯«ªº³ß®®¡C¥¿¦p±Ð·|¾Ìú¦­C¿q°ò·þªº¨ü­W¨ü¦ºÃ«§i¡A¥H¦â¦C·|°ó´N¾Ìú¦¥H¼»¨ü¸jÄm¤W¦Ó¬è¨D¡C¡v112ÁöµM·s¬ù¨S¦³²M·¡»¡©ú¡A¦ý¦­´Á±Ð¤÷¦p­²§Q§K(Clement of Alexandria)¡B¯S¤g¨}(Tertullian)µ¥±NÄm¥H¼»§@¬°°ò·þ±Ë¤vªº¹wªí¡C113¨Æ¹ê¤W¡A¦b·s¬ùºÖ­µ®Ñ¡A­C¿q¨ú¥N¤FµS¤Ó¯«¾Ç¤¤¥H¼»ªº¦a¦ì¡C¨ü¬~®É¦³Án­µ±q¤Ñ¤W»¡¡G¡u³o¬O§Úªº·R¤l¡A§Ú©Ò³ß®®ªº¡C¡v¡]¤Ó¤T17¡F¥i¤@11¡F¸ô¤T22¡^³o¥y¤l´N¬O³Ð¤Ü¤G2¡B16©MÁÉ¥|¤Q¤G1ªº²Õ¦X¡C·í¬I¬~¬ù¿«ºÙ´­­C¿q¬°¡u¯«ªº¯Ì¦Ï¡B°£¥h¥@¤H¸oÄ^ªº¡C¡v¡]¬ù¤@29¡^¬O¹O¶V¸`©ÎêO²½©ÒÄm¤Wªº²½ª«¡C·s¬ù¯«¾Ç¤¤¡A­C¿q¦³¥H¼»ªº¨¤¦â¡A¦Ó¤÷¯««h¦n¹³¨È§B©Ô¨u¡A¤£¹L¯«ªº©^Äm§ó§¹¥þ¡AªG®Ä§ó²`»·¡G¡u¯«·R¥@¤H¡A¬Æ¦Ü±NÍ¢ªº¿W¥Í¤l½çµ¹¥L­Ì¡v¡]¬ù¤T16¡^¡F¡u¯«¬J¤£·R±¤¦Û¤v¬°§Ú­Ì²³¤H±Ë¤F¡A°Z¤£¤]±N¸Uª«©M¥L¤@¦P¥Õ¥Õªº½çµ¹§Ú­Ì»ò¡H¡v¡]ù¤K32¡^¡A¥i¨£êO²½ªº¶H¼x©M¹wªí±Ð°V¡A³£¯à¨Ï«H®{»â®©©MÆg¹|¯«©_§®ªº¦w±Æ¡A¬yÅS¯«¼¦·R®¦¨åªº±Ò¥Ü¡A«ü¥Ü»P¯«©M¿Ó¬Û¥æªº©^Äm³~®|¡C

 

111 ¦³ÃöµS¤Ó¶Ç²Î¹ïAkedahªº¬Ýªk¡A°Ñ"Akedah", Encyc. Jud.I: 480-486.

112 ¤Þ¦ÛLange Commentary I: 471.

113 Clement of Alexandria, Paedogogica 1: 5, 1; Tertullian, Adversus Marcionem 3: 18; ½Ð°Ñ¦ÒR.A. Rosenberg, "Jesus, Isaac and The Suffering Servant", JBL, 84(1965): 381-388; H.J. Schoeps, "The Sacrifice of Isaac in Paul's Theology", JBL, 65(1946): 382-392; J.E. Wood, "Isaac Typology in the New Testament", NTS, 14(1968): 583-589.

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