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3 "The recent Law in the Hawaiian Islands(1949)which make offical only the term 'Hansen's Disesae is motivated by recognition of the paralysing effect of the biblical connotations of 'leprosy' upon public health measures and also upon the application of effective treatment", F.C. Lendrum, "The name 'Leprosy'", American journal of Tropical Medicine and Hyiene 1, (1952): 999.

4 S.G. Browne, '"Leprosy" In The English Bible', The Bible Translator 22, (1970): 45-46; Leprosy In The Bible(Christian Medical Fellowship, 1970); R.G. Cochrane, Biblical Leprosy: A Suggested Interpretation, 2nd ed., (Tydnale Press, 1963); E.V. Hulse, "The Nature of Biblical 'Leprosy' And The Use of Alternative Medical Terms In Modern Translations of the Bible", Palestine Exploration Quarterly 107, (1975): 87-105; John F.A. Sawyer, "A Note on the Etymology of S_RA'AT", VT 26(1976): 241-245; J. Wilkinson, "Leprosy and Leviticus, The Problem of Description and Identification", Scottish Journal of Theology 30, (1977): 153-170; "Leprosy and Leviticus: A Problem of Semantics and Translation" Scottish Journal of Theology 31, (1978): 153-166; Margaret L. Davies, "Levitical Leprosy: Uncleanness and The Psyche", Exp. Times 99, (1988): 136-139.

 

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(4) t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬O¤@¨Ç·÷ºÆ¯f¥~ªº¯e±w¡A¨Ò¦p29-30¸`©Ò´y­zªºÀ³¸Ó¬OÄîµgÃþªºÅðµß¯e¯f¡C

(5)«ö¥»³¹ªºÀˬd«ü¥Ü¡A t['r'x; ¥i¥H¦b¤C¦Ü¤Q¥|¤é¤º©úÅã¦aµo´²¡A¦ý·÷ºÆ¯f«o»Ý­n§óªøªº®É¶¡¤~ºCºC¦a½¯©µ¡C

(6)¥Ö®h­é¸¨¬O t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ªº¤@ºØ²{¶H¡A¦Ó¬O·÷ºÆ¯f©Ò¨S¦³ªº±¡ªp¡C

(7)¬Û¤Ï¦a¡A¸t¸g°¦¦r¤£´£·÷ºÆ¯f³Ì©úÅ㪺¯S¼x¡A¨Ò¦p¥Ö½§ªº³Â¤ì¡A¥|ªÏºC©Êªº¼ìºÅ©M­±¤Wªº¤pµ²¸`(nodules)µ¥¡C 

©Ò¥H¦b¯gª¬¤ñ¸û¤è­±¡A¾ÇªÌ¤£¯à¦A´£Ä³¥»³¹ªº¯e¯f¬O²{¥Nªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡A9®Ú¾Ú¥»³¹ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¶Ç²Î½Ķ¬°¤j·÷ºÆªº t['r'x; tsa{ra'athÀ³¸Ó¬O´c©Ê¥Ö½§¯f¡A¥]¬A¦Ü¤Ö¤U¦Cªº¥i¯à¯e¯f¡G

I ¥Ö½§Âà¦âªº¯e¯f

        1.¥Ö½§¦â¯À(pigment)ÅÜ«h¡A¨Ò¦pvitiligo ©Îleucodermµ¥¥Õ»k¡C

        2.¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¨Ò¦psyphilis ªº±ö¬r¡C

        3.¥Ö½§­é¸¨ªº¯f¡A¨Ò¦ppsoriasis©Mpityrasis versicolor.

        4.³J¥Õ½èµw¤Æ¯g(collagen)¡A¨Ò¦pscleroderma ¯u¥Öµw¤Æ¡C

II ¤òÂà¦âªº¯e¯f

        1.¤ò¦â¯ÀÅÜ«h¡A¨Ò¦pvitiligo

        2.¤ò¾v½üÅ~¡A¥]¬Afavus capitis

        3.Alopecia areata

        4.Kwashiorkor ©Î³J¥Õ½è¼ö¶qÀç¶q¤£¨¬

III º¯³z¥Ö½§ªº¯f¯g

        1.Eczema ©Îdermatitis ªºÀã¯l©Î¥Ö½§²ªÄo

        2.¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¨Ò¦ptuberculosis ªºµ²®Ö¯g

        3.³J¥Õ½èµw¤Æ¯g(collagen)¡A¨Ò¦pscleroderma ¯u¥Öµw¤Æ

        4.¬r©Ê¯e¯f(Malignant disease)¡A¨Ò¦pcarcinoma

IV ¥Ö½§½F¸~ªº¯e¯f

        1.¯f¬r·P¬V¡A¨Ò¦psepsis ¦å¬r¯g¡Atuberculosis µ²®Ö¯g¡Asyphilis ±ö¬r                  

        2.Keloid formation

        3.¬r©Ê¯e¯f¡A¨Ò¦pcarcinom¡C

°£¤F³o¨Ç¤H¨­ªº¥Ö½§¥~¡A t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¤]¬O¦b¦çªA¥Ö­²©Î©Ð«ÎÀð¾ÀªºÅðµß¡Bµo¾`µ¥¨a¯f¡A©Ò¥H§Q¥¼°O³o³¹©Ò´£¨ìªº¨a¯f¡A½d³ò¬Û·í¼sªx¡A¥i¥HªÖ©w¤£¬O²{¦bªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡C

 

5 Keil, Commentary on The Pentateuch, p.378

6 BDB, p.683.

7 K.P.C. A Gramberg, Leprosy and The Bible, (United Bible Society, 1961) p.2.

8 A.M. Silberma, ed., The Pentateuch with Rashi's Commentary: Leviticus, (Shapiro Vallentine & Co., 1932) p.51.

9 Browne, Leprosy in The Bible, p.8; Cochrane, Biblical Leprosy, p.14; Hulse, "The Nature of Biblical'Leprosy'", p.91; Gramberg, Leprosy and The Bible, p.4; Wilkinson, "Leprosy and Leviticus: A problem of Semantics and Translation", p.162. Margaret L. Davis, "Levitical Leprosy: Uncleanness and the Psyche", Exp. Times 99, (1988): 136-139.

 

2.¼g§@°Ê¾÷

§Q¥¼°O¤£¬OÂå¾Ç®ÑÄy¡AÁ¿½×¨a¯f¥Øªº¡A¥D­n¬O±q©v±Ð§»öÆ[ÂI»¡©ú¬Æ»ò±¡ªpºâ¬O¤£¼ä²b¡A¤£¥i´Nªñ·|¹õ·q«ô¡A¨Ã«D±qÂå¾ÇÆ[ÂI¨Ó½×¯f±¡¡G

(1) t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬O¥i¥H²¬·Uªº¯e¯f¡]¤Q¥|3¡^¡u©Ò¥H§Q¥¼°Oªº¤j³ÂºÆ¤£¬O¼¯µn®É¥Nªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦]¬°ª½¦Üªñ´Á¤~¦³Âåªvªº¤èªk¡C¡v10ÁöµM¦p¦¹¡A³o¬q¸t¸g¥u«ü¥Ü«ç¼Ë§PÂ_¬O§_¦³¯f¡A«o§¹¥þ¨S¦³°Q½×«ç¼ËÂåªv¯f¤H¡C

(2)¡u¬Û·í©úÅã³o¨Ç¸g¤åªº´y­z¡A¬O«D±`ªí­±¤Æªº¤¶²Ð¥Ö½§©Î¨ü·P¬Vª«¥óªº±¡ªp¡AÅý«DÂåÀø¤H­û·¥®e©ö¤@²´«K¯à¿ë»{ªº´yø¡C¡v11©Ò¥H³o¨Ç®Ú¥»¤£¬OÂå¾Ç¶EÂ_¥Îªº³N»y¡A·íµM¤£¬O°O¿ý·÷ºÆ¯fªº¯f¨Ò¡C

(3)³o¬q¸t¸g­«½Æªº»¡©ú²½¥q­n¹î¬Ý¡AµM«á¨M©w¬O§_¼ä²b¡A©v±Ðªº»â³S²½¥q¦Ó«DÂå¾Ç±M®a¬°Â_¯gªÌ¡A¥i¨£³o¨Ç±ø¨Ò¬O©v±Ð§»öªº°Ê¾÷¡C

(4)³o¨â³¹ªºµ²»y¡A»¡©ú³o¨Ç¦³Ãö¨a¯fªº±ø¨Ò¡A¥Øªº¬O¥i¥H©w¬°¼ä²b¡A©Î¬O¤£¼ä²b¡]¤Q¤T59¡^«ü©ú¦ó®É¬°¼ä²b¡A¦ó®É¬°¤£¼ä²b¡]¤Q¥|57¡^¡A©Ò¥H©v±Ð§»öªº¼ä²b¬O³o¬q¸t¸g©ÒÃö¤ßªº¡A¤j·÷ºÆtsa{ra'ath ¦b¥»³¹ªº¤º®e¬O©v±Ð§»öªº¦rµü¡A¦Ü©ó³o¨Ç¬O§_Âå¾Ç©Ò»¡ªº·÷ºÆ¯f¡A§@ªÌ¨Ã¤£²z·|¡C

(5)²½¥qªºÂ_¯g¡A°ß¤@ªº¤èªk¬O¹î¬Ý¡A¦Óª`­«ªº¬O¨a¯fªº²{¶H ha,r]mi mir~eh¡A·N«ä¬O¥~ªí®e»ª¡A¦Ó§¹¥þ¤£´£¯fµhªº·P¨ü¡A©Î±w¯fªº­ì¦]¡A¥i¨£©Ò¿×ªº¤j·÷ºÆ¤£¬O°Q½×¯f±¡¡A¦Ó¥u±q¼f¬ü¨¤«×¨Ó´y­z¦]¯e¯f¥H­P¥~ªí¦³ÃªÆ[¤¡A¤£¾A©y¥X®u·q«ô³õ¦X¡A©Ò¥HºÙ¬°¤£¼ä²b¡C¤U­±ªº¨â­Ó¹Ïªí¥i¥H¸ÑÄÀ³o¬q¸t¸gªº°Ê¾÷¡C 

        ¹Ï¤@¡A®Ú¾Ú¥»³¹ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥i±N¨a¯f±¡ªp¤ÀªR¡G

        ¹Ï¤G¡A±N¹Ï¤@ªº±¡ªp»P·÷ºÆ¯f¤ñ¸û¡G

¤ñ¸û³o¨â­Ó¹Ïªí¡A§Q¥¼°O§P¬°¤£¼ä²bªº t['r'X; tsa{ra'ath ¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¬Û¤Ï¦a·÷ºÆ¯fªº±¡ªp«o²Å¦X¥»³¹±ø¥ó«Å§P¬°¼ä²b¡A³o»¡©ú³o¬q¨a¯f«ü¥Üªº°Ê¾÷¨Ã¤£¬OÁ¿½×·÷ºÆ¯f¡C

 

10 Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers, p.99

11 Wilkinson, Ibid, p.155.

 

3.¦r·½¬ã¨s

©M¦X¥»Â½Ä¶¬°¤j·÷ºÆªº§Æ§B¨Ó¤å t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ªº¦r®Ú [rX tsa{ra' ·N«ä¬OÀ»¥´¡C³o¦rªº°Êµü¦b¬ù¤T¦³³Q°Ê¦¡¥X²{¡A°ò¥»»yºA(Qal)³Q°Ê¤Àµü5¦¸¡A¦Ó±j½Õ»yºA³Q°Ê¦¡(Pual)15¦¸¡A³£¬O«ü¤H³Q¨a¯fÀ»¥´¡A©Ò¥H¦Wµü t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ´N¬OÀ»¥´¤Hªº¯e¯f¡C¬O¤@­Ó«D±`§t½kªº¦Wµü¡A¨S¦³´£¨Ñ¬Æ»ò½u¯Á³o¦r¬O«ç¼ËÀ³¥Îªº¡C

³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r­ì·N«Ü¦­´N¬°¤H©Ò©¿²¤¡A¤j¬ù¥D«á¤G¦Ê¦~µS¤Ó¤HMishnah ¤¤½×¨a¯fªºNegaim¡A¥D­n¬OÁ¿½×§Q¥¼°O¤Q¤T©M¤Q¥|³¹©M·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦ý¨ºùإΥ»³¹Â½Ä¶¬°¨a¯fªº [n'n, nega' ¤|´Àt['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¨£³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r¨º®É¤£¬O¤@­Ó·÷ºÆ¯fªº¯f¦W¡C

¼vÅT³Ì¤jªº¦r¡AÀ³¸Ó¬OLXX½Ķªº lepra¡A³o¦r¥Ñ©Ô¤B¤åªº­µÄ¶lepra¡AÂàÅܦ¨­^¤åªºleprosie ©Mleprosy¡A«á¨Ó§ó³Q¥Î¨ÓºÙ©I·÷ºÆ¯f¡C¦ý±q¦r·½¬ã¨s¡A«oµoı  lepra ¨ä¹ê»P·÷ºÆ¯fµLÃö¡C  lepra lepra ¬O±q°Êµü lepo lepo{¼¹­éªº·N«ä¤Þ¦ù¥X¨Ó¡A¬O¤@¨Ç¥O¤H²ªÄoÃø·í¡AÄ̧ì­P±w³Bªí¥Ö­é¸¨ªº¯e¯f¡AÁöµM¥¼¯à»P t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath §¹¥þ¬Û¦P¡A¡u¦ý«öú¦©Ò¦³ªº¸ê®Æ¡A¥L­Ì·í®É¨Ã°£¤F lepra ¥~¡A¨S¦³¨ä¥L¦r¥i¨Ñ¿ï¾Ü¡A§@¬°³o¨Ç¯fªpªºÂ½Ä¶¡C¡v12

lepra¦b¥j§Æþ¤å¤ÆùØ¡A¬O¤@­ÓÃþÄݪº(generic)¦Wµü¡A¦­¦bHippocrates(460-370 B.C.)¤w¸g¶}©l¦³®É¥Î²³¼ÆºÙ©I¡A¡u¤@¨Ç¥Ö½§ªº¯e¯f¡v¡A13¥]¬A¦³ leukh ¥Õ¦â¡B ajlfo" ¦Ç¥Õ©M mela" ¶Â¦âªº lepra ¡Cµy«áGalen(A.D. 131-201)31¦¸´£¤Î lepra ¡A¦ý³£¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡C14¬Ý¨Ó lepra lepra ¬O¤@¯ë©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¡C

¥j§Æþ¨Ã«D¹ï·÷ºÆ¯f¤@µL©Òª¾¡A¤£¤Ö¤å¾ÇÃÒ¾ÚÅã¥Ü¦L«×¦b¥D«e¤C¥@¬ö¦³·÷ºÆ¯f¨Ò¡A15¤j¬ù¬O¨È¾ú¤s¤jªº­x¶¤±N³o¯f±a¨ì§Æþ¡A«á¨Óù°¨¤j±NÃe°ö(Pompay)ªº¤h§L¡A§ó¥Ñ®J¤Î±N·÷ºÆ¯f¶Ç¦Üù°¨¤Î¾ã­Ó¼Ú¬w¡C16¦bLXX ½Ķ«e§Æþ¤åºÙ·÷ºÆ¯f¬° ejlefa" ¡A ejlefantiasi" elephas, elephantiasis¡A¦Ó¤£¬O lepra , Celsus(25 B.C.-A.D.37)¦b¥L©Ô¤B¤åµÛ§@De Medicina ùØ´£¨ì¡u§Æþ¤åºÙ©I¬°elephantiasis ªº¯e¯f(elephantiasis Graecorum)¡v17ªº¯gª¬»P²{¥NHansen's Disease¬Û¦ü¡C

¥j©Ô¤B¤åªºÂ¬ùĶ¥»¡A­µÄ¶§Æþ¤ålepra ¨Ó½Ķ§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¤Î¦Ü­C¬X¦Ì(Jerome)½ĶªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»®É(A.D.405)¡A¤´«O«ù³o­Ó­µÄ¶¡A¤£¥Î¨º­Ó®É¥N·÷ºÆ¯f¤w¦³½T©wªº¾Ç¦Welephantiasis Graecorum¡A¦Ó°í«ùÃþÄݪº¦Wµülepra¡A¥i¨£­C¬X¦Ìµø t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¦Ó¥L±NÁɤ­¤Q¤T4ªº³QÀ»¥´ ][Wgn; na{gu^`a½Ķ¬°leprosus §ó¶i¤@¨BÃÒ©ú½Ķ¬°lepra ªº t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¦b­C¬X¦Ì®É¥Nªº¤F¸Ñ¡A¬O¤@¯ë©Êªº¯e¯f¡C18

Á`µ²¤W­z¦³Ãö·÷ºÆ¯fªº¥j¥N¥Î¦r¡AµL½×§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¡B§Æþ¤å©Î©Ô¤B¤åªº¸t¸g¡A¦b§Q¥¼°O¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|³¹©Ò¥Îªº¦r¡A§@ªÌ©MĶªÌ³£¤£¥H¬°¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡A¥u§@´c©Ê¥Ö½§¯f¬Ý«Ý¡C

 

12 Ibid, p.162.

13 W.H.S. Jones½ĶHumours xviiiªº leprai tine"¬°"certain skin disesaes", Hippocrated, (Heinemann, 1931).

14 J.G. Andersen, "Studies in the mediaeval diagnosis of leprosy in Denmark:an osteoarchaeological, historical and clinical study", Danish Medical Bulletin 16, Supplement 9, (1969)

15 Dharmendra, "Leprosy in Ancient Hindu medicine", Leprosy in India 12(1940): 19; J. Lowe, "Comments on the history of Leprosy", Leprosy Review 18, (1947): 54.

16 Andersen, "Studies in the mediaeval diagnosis of leprosy in Denmark".

17 Celsus, De Medicina III, 25, 1, (Loeb edition, Heninemann, 1948)vol. 1 p.342; Áú©Ó¨}¡A¦Ø¥¼¬öÄÀ¸q¡Ap.114.

18 W. MacArthur, "Mediaeval'Leprosy' in British Isles", Leprosy Review 24, (1953): 8-9.

 

4.¦Ò¥j¸êªU

¤@¯ë¾ÇªÌ»{¬°·÷ºÆ¯fµo·½¦a¥i¯à¬O®J¤Î¡A¦ý¦Ò¥j¸ê®Æ«o§ä¤£¨ì¦b¬ù®É¥Nªº·÷ºÆ¯f¨Ò¡Aªñ¥N¦Ò¹î¤F¤d¦h­Ó®J¤Îªºµo±¸©MÀˬdªºµ²ªG¡A³Ì¦­ªº·÷ºÆ¯f²ª¸ñ¬O²Ä¤@¥@¬öªº¤ì¤D¥ì¦³·÷ºÆ¯f¦ÓÅܧΪº¤â¸}¡C¡u³o¬O«D±`¦³½ìªº¨Æ¹ê¡A¦b¤@­Ó³Q¤½»{¬°·÷ºÆ¯f¬Û·í´¶¹Mªº¦a¤è¡A¥u§ä¨ì¤@­Ó¯f¨Ò¡A¨Ã¥B¬O¦b¦­´Á°ò·þ±Ðªº®É¥Nªº¡C¡v19

¦Ü©ó¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¡AMfller Christensen 1967¦~¦b©Ô¦Nµo±¸ªº¤»¦Ê¦h¨ã¿òÅé¡A§ä¤£¨ì·÷ºÆ¯fªº¨Ò¤l¡C20ÁöµM´¿¸g¦³¤H±À´ú­{«n«°Beth-Shan ´M§äªº¤@­Ó²~¤lªº¹Ï®×¡A¤H¸G¦Ó­±ÁyÅܧβ{¶H¡A¬O·÷ºÆ¯fªºÃ¸¹Ï¡C21¥j¥N²~¤løµe¶É¦V¸Ø±i¡A¨Ã«D¼g¹ê¡A©Ò¥H·÷ºÆ¯f¾ÇªÌ³£¤£±µ¨ü¨º¬O·÷ºÆ¯fªºÃ¸¹Ï¡C22¨º¤H­±¹Ï¥i¯à¬O¼É¶¼¼É­¹ªº±¡ªp¡A¨­§Î¸G¤pªº­±«¬·¥¥i¯à¬O®J¤Î¸G¯«Bes©ÎPtah-Seker-Osirisªºµe¹³¡A©Ò¥H¦Ü¤µ¤´¥¼¦³¦Ò¥jªº¸ê®ÆÃÒ©ú¡A¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¦b¬ù®É¥N¤w¸g¨ü·÷ºÆ¯fªº«Â¯Ù¡A¥H­P¼¯¦è»Ý­n¥ß¨Ò³B²z³o¯f¯g¡C

 

19 Hulse¤Þ¥ÎG.E. Smith and W.R. Dawson, Egyptian Mummies, (Allen and Unwin, 1924).¨ä¥Lµo±¸©M¬ã¨sªºµ²ªG¥]¬AElliot Smith and D.E. Derry, "Anatornical Report", The Archaelogical Survey of Nubia Bulletin 6, (1910): 29; J.T. Rowling, "Pathological changes in mummies", Proceedings of Royal Society of Medicine 54, (1961): 409; V. Mfller-Christensen and D.R. Hughes, "An Early Case of Leprosy from Nubia", Man 1, (New Series)(1966): 242; P.H.K. Gray and D. Slow, "Egyptian mummies in the city of Liverpool museums", Liverpool Bulletin, (1968)15, (Museums Number).

20 M?ller Christensen, "Evidence of leprosy in earlier peoples", Disease in Antiquity, ed. D.R. Brothwell, (C.C. Thomas, 1967) p.295.

21 M. Yoeli, "A 'facies leontina' of leprosy on an ancient Canaanite jar", Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 10, (1955): 331.

22 R.G. Cochrane and T.F. Davey, Leprosy in Theory and Practice, (John Wright and Sons, 1964) p.1; A. Rowe, The Four Canaanite Temples of Beth-Shan, (University of Pennsylvania Press, 1940) p.57.

 

5.¸t¸g¯f¨Ò

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¦b³o¨Ç¯f¨Ò¤¤¡A¥u¦³¤T¦¸´£¨ì¯fÄp¡G¦³³·¨º¼Ë¥Õ¡]¥X¥|6¡F¥Á¤Q¤G10¡F¤ý¤U¤­27¡^¡A¦ý§Æ§B¨Ó­ì¤å¡ALXX©MªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»³£¥u¬O¹³³·¡A¦]¬°t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath¥i¯à¦³¥Õ¦â±¡ªp¡A©Ò¥H©M¦X¥»¦b¨º¼Ë¥Õ®ÇÃä¥[ÂI¡A«ü©ú­ì¨S¦³³o¨Ç¦r¡A¤DĶªÌ¥[¤W¥h§@¸ÑÄÀªº¡C¨Æ¹ê³o¤T³B¸g¤å¤ñ¸û³·ªº¦a¤è¤£¬OÃC¦âªº¥Õ¡A¦]¬°¦pªG­nªí¹F³·ªº¥Õ¦â¡A¸t¸g´N²M·¡»¡¥X¥Õ¦p³·¡]Áɤ@18¡F¦ý¤C9¡^¡C³·¦b¤Ú°Ç´µ©Z¦a¬Oµu¼Èªº¡]§B¤»15¡B17¡^¡A23¥i¬O¡AÁöµM¼¯¦èªº¤â¯f±¡©M¦Ì§Q·t¤C¤Ñ´N®ø´²³£¬Oµu¼È¡A¦ý°ò«¢¦è©Ó¨ü¤DÁgªº¯f«o¬O¥Ã¤[©Êªº¡C©Ò¥H¹³³·¤£¬O¤ñ³ë¯f´Áµu¼È¡A¸û¥i¯à¬O´y­z¯gª¬¥Ö½§¦p³·ªá¯ë¡A24¥þ¯àªÌ¦b¹Ò¤º»°´²¦C¤ýªº®É­Ô¡A¶Õ¦pÄƳ·¡]§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¥u¬O¹³³·¡^¦b¼»­Ì¡]¸Ö¤»¤Q¤K14¡^¡A«J´µ(Hulse)»{¬°´y¼g¦Ì§Q·t¹³¨º¥X¥À¸¡¡A¦×¤w¥b¤¯ªº¦º­L¡]¥Á¤Q¤G12¡^¡A¬O«ü¦ºÀ¦¥Ö½§²æ¸¨¡C25³oºØ¹³³·ªº¯e¯f²Å¦X¥»³¹ªº¯gª¬¡A´N¤£¬O·÷ºÆ¯f¡C

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Á`¬A¥»³¹¯f¦W½Ķªº°ÝÅV¡A²@µLºÃ°Ý t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬O¥Ö½§¯f¡A¤¤¤å½Ķ¬°¤j·÷ºÆ¡A¹ê¦b¬O¦r·Nªº²V²c¡A¦Ó°í«ù¶Ç²ÎĶªk¡A®Ú¾Ú§Æþ¤å¡B©Ô¤B¤å¥H¤Î¥j¨å­^¤å¤@³eªººÙ©ILeprosy¡A¤£²z·|»Pªñ¥N¦P¤@¦êªkªº¥t¤@Âå¾Ç¯f¦W©Ò¤Þ°_ªº²V¶Ã¡Aµ²ªG¥O¤H²£¥Í¿ùı¡A¥H¬°¶Ç²Îªº¥Îªk»P²{ªñªº©w¸q¬Û¦P¡A¥H­P²@¤£¦Ò¼{¦a¨S¦³®Çµù©Î¤p¦r¸ÑÄÀ¡A´N¹B¥Îªñ¥N¯f¦W½Ķ t['r'x; tsa{ra'ath ¬°¤j·÷ºÆ¡A¨Ï²Ó¤ßÆp¬ãªºÅªªÌ¡Aµoı»P¥»³¹ªº¯gª¬¦W¤£²Å¹ê¡A¦¨¬°ÄÀ¸gªºÃøÃD¡Cª½¦ÜNew English Bible29²v¥ý¥Îmalignant skin-disease30¥N´À¥O¤H»~¸Ñ¶Ç²Îªº­^¤å½Ķleprosy¡CÁöµM³o¦rªºÂå¾Ç¦WºÙ¦³°Óºe¾l¦a¡A¦ý¥H«áªº­^¤åĶ¥»´N¥Î¸û´¶³q¥Ö½§¯fªº¦rµü¨Ó½Ķ¡A¨Ï¤H²M·¡ª¾¹D³o¬q¸t¸g«ü¥Üªº½d³ò¡C²{¤¤´c¦íªº¥Ö½§¯f¡]2¸`¡^¤ñ¸ûÄî¯f¡]«ä°ª¡^©M·÷ºÆÄݨa¯f¡]§f®¶¤¤¡^§ó±µªñ­ì·N¡A¥i±¤²{¤¤¦b³o¨â³¹¤¤¥u³o¼Ë½Ķ¤@¦¸¡A¥¼¯à³e¹ý¦a½Ķ¥X¨Ó¡C

 

23 Denis Baly, The Geography of the Bible, (Harper & Row, 1957) pp.50-51.

24 Browne, Leprosy in the Bible, p.7.

25 Hulse, "The Nature of Biblical'Leprosy'", p.93.

26 L.I. Rabinovitz, "Leprosy", Encyc. Jud. II: 34.

27 M. Sussman, "Diseased in The Bible and Talmud", Diseases In Antiquity p.209; °Ñ¡GR.G. Cochrane, Biblical Leprosy.

28 Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers, p.92.

29 ³o¬ONEB³Ì¥D­nªºÂ½¦rµü¡A§Q¤Q¤T¡B¤Q¥|³¹¦@¥Î¤F14¦¸¡A¨ä¥L¥Îµy¬°ÅܤÆÃþ¦üªº¦r¡Achronic skin-disease, his disease¦U¤@¦¸¡Askin-disease 3¦¸¡Athe condition 2¦¸¡C¦Ü©ó¦çªA«hºÙ¬°stain of mould, ©Ð«Î¬Ofungus infection.

30 Malignant skin-disease¥i¥H¬O¥Ö½§Àùªº¤@­ÓºÙ©I¡A¨Ã¤£¾A¦X³o¨â³¹ªº¥þ³¡¯gª¬¡CBrowne, "'Leprosy' In The New English Bible", p.46; Hulse, "Leprosy and Ancient Egypt", Lancet II, (1972): 1024.

 

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11.¤j·÷ºÆ¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¦³´X­Ó¥D­n§Î®eªº¦r¡G hl;b; ba{la{h´Ý¡A @qez; za{qe{n ¦~¤éªø¤[¡A!d,q, qedem¤é¡A !lwO[ o^la{m¤W¥j¡C¥»¸`ªº tn,v,wOn no^shenethÁöµM¦³´X¦¸¬Oªº·N«ä¡]¥§¤T6¡A¤Q¤G39¡Fºq¤C13¡FÁɤܤG11¡^¡A¦ýµ´¤j¦h¼Æ¬O§Î®e¤HºÎı¡C¦pªG´y­zª««~¡A´N¬Oîh¥ñ¡A¤ñ·Ó¥»®Ñ¥t¥~ªº¥|¦¸¡A½Ķ¬°³¯Â³¡]¤Ü¤­22¡A¤Ü¤»10¡^¡A·÷ºÆ¯f¬O«ü¼ç¥ñ©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¦Ó«D¯f´_µo¡Aªñ¥N¤¤¤åĶ¥»ªº±J¥ñ¡]§f®¶¤¤¡^©MºC©Ê¡]«ä°ª¡B²{¤¤¡B·í¥N¸t¸g¡^¹ê¦b¤ñ¶Ç²Î½Ķ¬°Â²M·¡±o¦h¡C

 

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18.½H¡@ÁöµM³o¦r¦b¥»³¹­º¦¸¥X²{¡A¦ý»¡©ú«oªv¦n¤F¡A°²³]ªìµoªº§PÂ_¤w¸g¥æ«Ý²M·¡¡A¥»¬q¥u½×¯f´_µoªº±¡ªp¡A©Ò¥H½H¤j·§¬O¤W­z¥Ö½§¯fªºÁ`ºÙ¡A©Î¬Y¤@ºØ¥Ö½§¯fªº§OºÙ¡C¤¤¤åĶ¥»³£ªu¥ÎLXX¡A©MªZ¥[¤jªºÂ½Ä¶¡AºÙ§Æ§B¨Ó¤å @yjv] sh#chi^n ¬°½H¡A¦ý¦r¨åªº©w¸q©M­^¤åĶ¥»³£¬O¨`¶Ëboil¡A¦Ó23¸`»P³o¦r²Õ¦Xªº²ª¸ñ tb,r,x; ';;? tsa{rebeth ·N«ä¬O¿NµJ¡A31©Ò¥H¥»¬qªº½H¬Ý¨Ó¬O«ü¥Ö½§¹³³Q¤õ¨`¶Ë¯ëªº¯e¯f¡A¬Æ¦Ü¦³¾ÇªÌ´£Ä³¬O¤Ñªá¡C32

19.¥Õ¤¤±a¬õ¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªº±a¬õ tm,D;m]da} ~@damda{meth¬O¤@ºØ¯S§Oµ²ºcªº¦Wµü¡A±N¬õ !dea; ~a{de{mªº²Ä¤G©M²Ä¤T­Ó¦r­«½Æªº«÷ªk¡A¬O±j½Õªº¥Î·N¡A33À³¸ÓĶ¬°«D±`¬õ¡A¦ý³o¼Ë«o»P¤W­±¨â¦¸´£¨ì¥Õ¦â½Ä¬ð¡A©Ò¥H±a¬õ©Î«D±`¬õ¬O¥Hºµºµ¬õ¤õ¤ñ³ë°{²´¥Í½÷¡ALXX thlaugh" leukainousa te{lauge{s leukainousa¥Õ±o°{Ä£¤j·§¬O§Î®e¦p³·¯ëªº¥Ö½§¯f±¡ªp¡]¥X¥|6¡F¥Á¤Q¤G10¡F¤ý¤U¤­27¡^¡C

20.ºÚ©ó¥Ö¡@ lp;v; sha{pa{lªº·N¸q¡A©M»P²Ä3¸`²` qm[; 'a{mo{q ªº¤ñ¸û¡A°Ñ¦³Ãö·÷ºÆ¯fªº°Q½×¡C

21.ÃöÂê¤C¤Ñ¡@¥»³¹°£²Ä\cs164-6¸`±¡ªp¥~¡A¤C¤Ñ¹jÂ÷Æ[¹î´Á¤w¨¬°÷¡A¤j·§³o¨Ç¯f´_µoªº¶Ç¬V©Ê¸ûµu©Î§PÂ_¸û®e©ö¡C

23.²ª¸ñ¡@tb,r,x;  ts{arebeth ­ì·N¿NµJ¡A¦¹³Bªº·N«ä¬OªZ¥[¤jĶ¥»cicatrix¡A§Y¥Ö½§¸g¹L¤õ¨`·Pı²£¥Íªºµ²¯m²{¶H¡C

 

31 BDB, p.863.

32 K-B, p.960.

33 G-K, ¡±84b, n.

 

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28.²ª¸ñ¡@§Y23¸`¦P¦r  tb,r,x;  ;;;, tsqa{[rebeth, LXX ³oùؽĶ¬° carakthr charakte{r ¯O¦L¡B¨è¹ºªºª««~¡A§ó²M·¡ªí©ú³o¬Oµ²¯mªº¶Ë²ª¡C

 

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30.ÀY¬Î¡@³o§Æ§B¨Ó¦r qt';,,n, netheqªº·N¸q©M¤¤¤å½Ķ¡A°Ñ¤W¤å¤j·÷ºÆ¯gª¬ªº°Q½×¡AµL½×¦p¦ó¡A³o¬OÄY­«¥Ö½§¯fªº¤@ºØ¡G(1)¥»¸`»¡©úÀY¬Î¬OÄY­«¥Ö½§¯fªº¤j·÷ºÆ¡F(2)¥»¬qµ²»y¡]¤Q¥|54¡^¡A±NÀY¬Î©MðK¤l¡BÅ~¡B¤õ´³µ¥¤j·÷ºÆªº¯f¼x¨Ã¦C¡F(3)¥»¬qªº«ü¥Ü¡A»P²Ä¤@Ãþ¥Ö½§¯fªº´úÅç¬Û¦P¡A¦pªG¦³ºÃ°Ý¡A­n¹ê¦æ¨â­Ó¤C¤Ñªº¹jÂ÷Æ[¹î´Á¡AÁöµM³oÃþ¯f²½¥q¤£¬O´M§ä¥Õ¤ò¡]3¡B4¡B21¸`µ¥¡^¡A¦Ó¬O²Ó¶À¤ò¡A³o¤j·§¬OÀY³¡ÅìÅ~(favus)¡A34¤]¬O¥Ö½§¯fªº¤@ºØ¡C

31.¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³¶Â¤ò¡@¦pªG¥H²Ó¶À¤ò¥N´À¥Õ¤ò¬O¯fÄp¡A¨º»ò«ö¨ä¥L¥Ö½§¯fªº´úÅ礽¦¡¡A¤ñ¹ï¤W¤@¸`²½¥q­n¹î¬Ý¡A³o¨a¯f²{¶H¡A­Y²`©ó¥Ö¡A¨ä¶¡¦³²Ó¶À¤ò¡]°Ñ3¡B4¡B25¡B26¸`¤ò­YÅÜ¥Õ¡^¡A¥»¥y²½¥q­Y¹î¬ÝÀY¬Îªº¨a¯f¡A²{¶H¤£²`©ó¥Ö¡A±µú¦¤@¥y«Ü¦ÛµMÀ³¸Ó¬O¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³¡u²Ó¶À¤ò¡v¥¿¦p¤U¸`¤@¼Ë¤~¹ï¡A©Ò¥H¸ô¼w©M¬ö³Í¶øµ¥35±Ä¥ÎLXXªºÂ½Ä¶¡A¦b³o¥y¤]§ï¬°¨ä¶¡¤]¨S¦³²Ó¶À¤ò¡A¦ý³o¼Ë§ó§ï¸g¤å²@µL¥ô¦ó§Û¥»ªº¤ä«ù¡A¤]¹ê¦bµL¦¹¥²­n¡A¦]¬°¶Â¤òÃÒ©úÀY¬Î²¬Â¡¡]37¸`¡^¡A©Ò¥H´M§ä¶Â¤ò¬O§PÂ_¼ä²b»P§_ªº¤@­Ó­«­n±ø¥ó¡C

 

34 Hulse, "The Nature of Biblical'Leprosy'", p.99.

35 Keil, Commentary on the Pentateuch, p.381.

 

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38.¤õ´³¡B´N¬O¥Õ¤õ´³¡@§Æ§B¨Ó¤åªºµ²ºc trouh;B, jrih;B, tnO]b;l] beha{ro{th beha{ro{th L#ba{no{th¨â­Ó¤õ´³©ñ¦b¤@°_¬Û·í²ÖÂØ¡A©Ò¥H¦³¨ÇĶ¥»¬Ù²¤¤@­Ó¡G¦³¥Õ´³¡]¤å²z¦ê¯]¡B²{¤¤¡B·í¥N¸t¸g¡^¡A¦ý±N²Ä¤G­Ó¤õ´³·í§@§Î®eµüµo¥ú¡]°Ñ¤j·÷ºÆ¯gª¬ªº°Q½×¡^¡A¹³¤å²zªº¥Í´³¡A¦â¥Õ¦Ó«G¬O¤@­Ó¥i±µ¨üªºÂ½Ä¶¡C

39.¥Õ¤¤±a¶Â¡@±a¶Â twhKeO ke{ho^th §Y²Ä6¸`ªºµo·t¡A©Ò¥H³oùؤ£¬O´y­z¥Ö½§¤S¥Õ¤S¶Â¡A©Î¦Ç¥Õ¦â¡A¦Ó¬O²H¥Õ¦â©Î²L¥Õ¦â¡A¨Ã¤£¬O¹³³·¨º¼Ë¡C

¥ÕÅ~¡@ qh'BO ,,bo{haq³o§Æ§B¨Ó¤å¥u¦b³oùØ¥X²{¤@¦¸¡A©Ò¥H·N¸q¤£¯à½T©w¡ARV ©MRSV½Ķ¬°tetter¤ôúj¯l¡A²{¥N¨È©Ô§B¤å¤´¥Hbahaq ºÙ©I¤@¯ë©Êªº¥Ö½§¯f¡C36ÁöµM¾Ç¦W¤£¯à½T©w¡A¦ý¥»¬q¨S¦³´£¨ì²`©ó¥Ö¦×¡A©Ò¥H³oÅã¥Ü¨Ã«D¦³®`ªº¥Ö½§¯f¡A©Ò¥Hºâ¬O¼ä²b¡C

 

36 G.R. Driver, "Leprosy", Hasting's Dictionary of The Bible, One Volume Edition, p.575.

 

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37 Holladay, A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon, p.385.

38 Snaith, Leviticus and Numbers, p.99.

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