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¦^µª¥H¤W¨âÂIªººÃ°Ý¡A§Ú­Ì¥i¥H¯d·N¡G²Ä¤@¡A±Ò¥Ü¤å¾Çªº´y¼g¤ñ¸û¸Ø±i©M´I¦³¶H¼x¡A¬G¤£¤@©w¬O«ö¦r­±ªº·N«ä³v¤@À³Åç¡C²Ä¤G¡A¦³¨Ç¨Æ¦b¸t¸gùئ³°O¸ü¦Ó¾ú¥v¬O¨S¦³´£¤Îªº¡A¬G§Ú­Ì¤£¯à´N¦k¤Uµ²½×»¡¸t¸g¤£·Ç½T¡A¦]¬°²{¦³ªº¤W¥j¾ú¥v°O¸ü¨Ã¤£§¹¾ã¡C¾ú¥v¨Ã¨S¦³°O¤U¤@¤Á»P¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦³Ãöªº¨Æ±¡¡F¦]¦¹¡A§Ú­Ì¤£¯à¦]¬°²{¦³ªº¾ú¥v¨S¦³´£¨ì¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@²Ä¤T¦¸§ð¥´®J¤Î¡A«KÂ_©w¥L¥¼´¿²Ä¤T¦¸§ð¥´®J¤Î¡C§ó­«­nªº¬O¡A§Ú­Ìµ´¤£¥i¦]¦¹´N»¡¸t¸gªº§@ªÌ¦b¦¹³Bªº¹w¨¥¬O¿ù»~ªº¡A¨Ã¥B¬é¬O§@ªÌªº¤Û·Q©Î´Á±æ¦Ó¤w¡C109²Ä¤T¡A¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº½T¦º©óªi´µªº¶ð¤ñ¡A¦ý²Ä¥|¤Q¤­¸`¬é´£¤Î¥L¦b¦a¤¤®ü©M¿ü¦w¤s¤§¶¡³]¸m±b¹õ¡A¨Ã¨S¦³»¡¥L¦b¸Ó¦a·À¤`¡C²Ä¥|¡A¨Ï®{«Où­É¥Î²Ä¤Ê¤»¸`ªº¸g¤å´yø¼Ä°ò·þ¡A³o¤£µ¥©ó»¡²Ä¤Ê¤»¸`ªº¡u¤ý¡v¤D¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¡F110«Où¥u¬O«ü¥X±N­n¿³°_ªº¼Ä°ò·þ¦³¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¨ººØź¶Æ¨g¦kªº©Ê®æ¡C

Á`¬A¨Ó»¡¡A²Ä¤Ê¤»¦Ü¥|¤Q¤­¸`°ò¥»¤W¤´¬O´y¼g¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¡A¬é¤£¹L³o¬q¸g¤å¤]¥i¥Î¥H´y­zź¶Æ¦Û¤j»P¤W«Ò§@¹ï©M­¢®`Í¢¤l¥Áªº´c¤H¡C111³o¨Ç¤H³£·|¦b¾ú¥N¥X²{¡A¥B¥H¤£¦Pªº¤è¦¡©M§ÎºA¥X²{¡A¦ý³Ì²×³£·|³Q¤W«Ò¦D»@¦Ó·Àµ´¡C¼Ä°ò·þ¤D¬O³oºØ´c¤H³Ì·¥ºÝªºªí²{¡A¥L¥²·|¹³¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¤@¼Ë³Q·Àµ´¡C

 

43 ¥Ì«ô¦è¡]Cambyses¡^¬O¥j¦Cªº¨à¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¤­¤T¡³¦Ü¤­¤G¤G¦~§@¤ý¡C

44 ¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@¡]Darius I¡^©ó¥D«e¤­¤G¤G¦Ü¥|¤K¤»§@¤ý¡C

45 ¨È«¢ÀH¾|­ì¦WÁ§¦è¡]Xerxes¡^¬O¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@ªº¨à¤l¡A©ó¥D«e¥|¤K¤»¦Ü¥|¤»¤­§@¤ý¡A¥L¬O¤ý¦Z¥H´µ©«ªº¤V¤Ò¡C

46 ¦³Ãö³N¤h°²§ê¤h¨C²Ä¡]Smesdis¡^©ó¥D«e¤­¤G¤G¦~¿y¦ìªº¸g¹L¡A°Ñ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A396-397.

47 Baldwin¡]185-186¡^«o»{¬°¦¹³Bªº¡u¤T¤ý¡v»P¡u¥|¤ý¡v¤D¬O§Æ§B¨Ó¤H¼g§@ªº§Þ¥©¡A¥Î¡u¢æ¡v©M¡u¢æ¡Ï1¡v¨Ó¥Nªí¡u¥þ³¡¡v©Î¡u³\¦h¡v¡]°Ñ½e¤T¤Q17-32ªº¡u¤T¼Ë¡v¡B¡u¥|¼Ë¡v¡F¼¯¤@3-¤G6ªº¡u¤Tµf¥|¦¸¡v¡^¡F¬G¥»¸`¤D«üªi´µ°êªº´I¨¬²×¾É­P§Æþ°ê§ðÀ»¥¦¡C

48 ¬Û¶Ç¨È«¢ÀH¾|´¿¦b¯S¼¯¤ñ¨½¡]Thermopylae¡^¡B¼»©Ô¦Ì¡]Salamis¡^¡AÁÚ¥[º¸¡]Mycale¡^¥´±Ñ§Æþ­x¡F¦Ì°Ç¼w¡A785.

49 Àd²ï®³¡]Roxana¡^¬O¦è¥j´£»â³S¶ø¦è¶®´£¡]Oxyartes¡^ªº¤k¨à¡C

50 ¥L¸¦©Ô¡]Sartira¡^¬Oªi´µ¤ý¤j§Q¯Q¤T¥@ªº¤k¨à¡A¨È¾ú¤s¤j­«µøªF¦è¤å¤Æ¦X¤@¡A¤£¦ý¦Û¤v­nªi´µ¤Hªº¤k¨à¬°©d¡A¤S¹ªÀy¨ä¥L±N»â°ùªi´µ¤k¤h¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A164.

51 ¤R¾|´µ¡A165-166.

52 ¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@¦b¦w´£ªü­ô¤@¥@§@¤ý®É¡A´¿¶i§ð±Ô§Q¨È¡A¦ý³Q­¢¼»°h¡C

53 ¦Ê¥§°ò¡]Berenice¡^¬O¦h§Q¶R¤G¥@©M¤ý¦Z¨ÈÁÉ¿Õ¥ì¡]Arsinoe¡^©Ò¥Íªº¤k¨à¡C

54 ¦³Ãö³o¨Ç¡u¬Fªv±B«Ã¡v¡A°ÑG.H. Jones, 1 and 2 Kings¡]Eerdmans, 1984¡^, I, 232-233.

55 ©Ô¶ø­}´µ¡]Laodice¡^·í®É¤w¥Í¤U¨â­Ó¨à¤l¡C

56 ®Ú¾Ú¤C¤Q¤h¡B±Ô§Q¨È¡B©Ô¤B¤åĶ¥»§âw#yalda{h¥N´À­ì¨Óªºw#hayyo{l#da{h; 257.

57 Á¤ͤý¡A232.

58 ¦Ì°Ç¼w¡A786.

59 ¡u«o¤£±o±`³Ó¡v¸Ñ§@¡u«o¤£¦û»â¤g¦a¡v¡FHartman, 267.

60 ¬Û¶Ç§JÄR¶ø¯\¥L¡]Cleopatra¡^¶ùµ¹¦h§Q¶R¤­¥@®É¡A¥L¬é±o¤Q¤T·³¡A¬G­nµ¥¤­¦~¤~¥i¬}©Ð¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A235.

61 Á¨q¶¯¡A212.

62 ¸ô¦è¥v©_³C¡]Lucius Scipio¡^ÁÙ¦³¤@­Ó¥S§Ì¤R¥¬¬y¥v©_³C¡]Publius Scipio¡^³£¬Où°¨ªº¦W±N¡C

63 Young, 240.

64 ©¼°Ç¡]Bel¡^¯«¼q¡A¦ì©ó¥H¤O¶R´µ¡]Elymais¡^¡C

65 ¬Û¶Ç¥L¬O³Q§Æ²¤¦h¸ô¡]Heliodorus¡^¬r¦º¡F­J¨½©ù¡A140¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A236¡F¥v®a»{¬°³o¬O¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@©Ò­p¿Ñªº¡A·í®É¥L¥¿¦b¶®¨å¡A¹w³Æªð¦^±Ô§Q¨È¡FÁ¨q¶¯¡A213.

66 ¨ä¹ê§O­{¼¯¤ý¤×¦Ì¥§¤G¥@¡]Eumenes II¡^¦­´N¹w®Æ¥L·|§@¤ý¡A¬G­É­xµ¹¥L®É¡AÁÙ¶¶±a°e¥L¤@¨Ç«Ò¤ý¬ï¥ÎªºªA¹¢¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A184.

67 ­ì¬On#gi^d b#ri^t¡]'prince of covenant'¡^, ¦¹³Bªº¡u§g¡v»P¤E25¡u¨ü»I§g¡vªº¡u§g¡v­ì¤å¦P¤@­Ó¦r¡C

68 Baldwin, 192; Á¤ͤý¡]237¡^«o»{¬°³o¡u¦P·ù¤§§g¡v¤D¬O®J¤Î¤ý¦h§Q¶R¤»¥@¡C

69 ¦w¦h¥§¥j¡]Andronicus¡^·í®É¥N¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@³B²z¬F°È¡A¦]«áªÌ«e©¹°ò§Q®a¥­¶Ã¡F¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦^¨Ê«á¡A¦b¦w¦h¥§¥j±þ¦º¶ø¥§¨È¤T¥@ªº¦a¤è§â¦w¦h¥§¥j³B¦º¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A187.

70 Á¨q¶¯¡A215¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A237.

71 Lacocque, 127; AB, 295.

72 ¦³Ãö¨â¦ì¤j¦Ú¼Ú©Ô¤ü´µ¡]Eulaeus¡^©M¦C®³¤ü´µ¡]Lenaeus¡^ªº³±¿Ñ¡A¥H¤Î¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦û»â©M§ð¥´©¬¸ô¥P¡]Pelusium¡^©Mªù´´´µ¡]Memphis¡^ªº¸g¹L¡A°ÑÁ¨q¶¯¡A215¡F«ä°ª¡A163¡FAB, 296.

73 ¤R¾|´µ¡A192¡F·í¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦bù°¨¬°¤H½è®É¡A´¿»P³o¦ìù°¨¯S¨Ï¦Ñ®³´µ¡]Lueius Popillius Laenas¡^½×¥æ¡C¬G¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦b¨È¾ú¤s¤j«°¥~´¿¦ù¥X¥k¤âÅwªï¦ÑªB¤Í¡A¦ý¦Ñ®³´µ¤£ªÖ´¤¤â¡Aª½¦Ü¥LµªÀ³°h§L¡A¤~©M¥L´¤¤â¡C

74 Á¤ͤý¡A239.

75 ¨È¥Ò©Ô«°³ù¡]Acra Citadel¡^Åܦ¨­C¸ô¼»§Nªº«OúÒ«°¡C

76 ¦³Ãö¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¬O§_¦b¸t·µ³]¥ß¤F¥á´µ¯«¹³¡A°ÑH.H. Rowley, "Menelaus and the Abomination of Desolation" in Studia Orientalia Ioanni Pedersen¡]Einar Munkegaard, 1953¡^, 303-315.

77 D.W. Thomas, "Additional Note on the root yd' in Hebrew" JTS 15: 54-57.

78 ¦¹³B´£¨ì©¾¤ß©ó¤W«Òªº¤H©Ò¾D¹Jªº¥|ºØ¨aÃø¡A¡u­Ë¦b¤M¤U¡v¡B¡u¤õ¿N¡v¡B¡u¾Û±°¡v¡B¡u·m¹Ü¡v¡A¬°¬Æ»ò¬O¥|ºØ©O¡H¥i°ÑJeffery, 533.

79 ¦³Ãöº¿¥[¤ñ­²©Rªº¸Ô±¡¡A¥i°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A199-207¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A254-314.

80 Hartman, 301; Anderson, 141; Zo/ckler, 251.

81 ¨Ò¦p¥ìÁÉ¥H´µ©Ô¡]Ibn Ezra¡^¡AYoung, 246.

82 Walvoord, 272; Jerome, 136.

83 ­ð¦ö¤§¡A70¡F¥L«ü¥X¡G"³o­Ó¤Hª«¬O¾ú¥vªº¡A¦ý³o­Ó¥Nªí©Êªº¾ú¥v¤Hª«¤£¥u¬O¦b¤@­Ó¤H¨­¤W¡A¥i¯à¦b³\¦h¤H¨­¤W¹ê²{"¡C

84 "Theos Epiphanes"; ¦³Ãö¡u¶W¹L©Ò¦³ªº¯«¡v»P­{«n¦a©v±ÐªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑR.J. Clifford, "History and Myth in Dan 10-12" BASOR 220: 23-26.

85 Young, 248; Gaebelein, 188.

86 ­J¨½©ù¡A145¡Fµ§ªÌ¤£©ú¥Õ"ù°¨©Ò±R«ôªº¯«"«ç¥i¥H¬Ûµ¥©ó¡uù°¨¤Ñ¥D±Ð©Ò±R«ôªº¯u¯«¡v¡H

87 Young, 249¡F­J¨½©ù¡]145¡^«o»{¬°¬O°ü¤k©Ò¸r¼}ªº¬ü¼w¡A¨Ò¦p®¦·O¡B·Å¬X¡A¨}µ½¡C

88 Walvoord, 274.

89 ¤Þ¦ùPolybius xxxvi, 4, 10.

90 §â~im¡]'with'¡^§ï§@~am¡]'people'¡^, ¦A§â¡u°í©T¡v¡]mibs#re^ ¡^§ï¬°"¨¾¦u"¡]m#bass#re^ ¡^, ¨â³Bªº­×§ï³£¬é²o¯AÅT­µ¡FMontgomery,463;  Driver, 195.

91 ÁöµM·¨¥H¼w»{¬°³o¡u¤ý¡v¬O¼Ä°ò·þ¡A¥L«o©Ó»{²Ä¤Ê¤E¸`ªº´y¼g»P¦w´£ªü­ô¥Í¥­ýÁ¦X¡FYoung, 250.

92 ­J¨½©ù¡A145¡FWalvoord, 276; ­È±oª`·N¬O¤@¨ÇÃÙ¦¨¡u¥L¡v¬O¼Ä°ò·þªº¾ÇªÌ¨Ã¨S¦³´£¥X¥»¸`«ç¼ËÀ³Åç¦b¼Ä°ò·þ¨­¤W¡FYoung, 250; Baldwin, 198-199.

93 ¤R¾|´µ¡A195¡F­C¸ô¼»§Nªº«°Àð¤w©î·´¡AÅܦ¨¤@­Ó¨S¦³«°À𪺫°¥«¡A¹³¥§§Æ¦Ì­««Ø«°Àð¥H«e¤@¼Ë¡C

94 Young, 251¡F­J¨½©ù¡]146¡^»{¬°¡u«n¤èªº¤ý¡v¬O¥H®J¤Î¬°­ºªº¨È©Ô§BÁp·ù¡A¡u¥_¤èªº¤ý¡v«h¬OĬÁp¡F³oºØ»¡ªk¯ÂÄÝÁr±À¡A²@µL®Ú¾Ú¡C

95 ©¬´£¨È¡]Parthians¡^¦bªi´µ«Ò°ê¹Ò¤º¡A°ÑIBD, 1156.

96 ¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº·À¤`°O¸ü¦b¤j­^³Õª«À]²Ä35603¸¹ªdªO¡A°ÑA.J. Sachs and D.J. Wiseman, "A Babylonian King List of the Hallenistic Period" Irag, 16: 202-212.

97 4Q Dib Ham, 6, 12-14; M. Baillet, "Un recueil liturgique de Qumra^n, Grotte 4: Les Paroles des Luminaires" RB 68: 195-250.

98 V. Taylor, The Gospel according to St. Mark¡]Macmillan, 1963¡^, 546.

99 "Many of those who sleep in the ground of dust shall awake, "¦Ó"of those"ªº¤¶µü¬Omin, ±j½Õ¥þ³¡¤¤ªº¤@³¡¤À¡]"partitive significance"¡^¡C

100 ¦³Ãö¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´_¬¡»P¬ù¨ä¥L½×¤Î´_¬¡ªº¸g¤åªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑW.Eichrodt, Theology of the Old Testament¡]SCM, 1967¡^, II, 496-529, ¤×¨ä¬O512-516.

101 Hartman, 307-308; Lacocque, 244; «ö·Ó¦¹»¡ªk¡A²Ä2¸`¥i§@"ºÎ¦b¹Ð®J¤¤¡A¥²¦³¦h¤H´_¿ô¡A¥L­Ì¥þ±o¥Ã¥Í¡F¥t¥~¤@¨Ç¤H¡]´N¬O¨º¨Ç¨S¦³´_¿ôªº¡^·|¨ü°d¡A¥Ã»·³Q¼¨´c"¡C

102 ­J¨½©ù¡A152.

103 Baldwin, 204.

104 Young, 256.

105 °í¤h§B¡]Ginsberg¡^»·¦b¤@¤E¤­¤T¦~¤w«ü¥X¡u´¼¼z¤H¡v»P­C©MµØªº¹²¤H¤§Ãö«Y¡FH.L. Ginsberg, "The Oldest Interpretation of the Suffering Servant" VT 3: 400-403.

106 ¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°³o¸`ªº¡u¬P¡v¤D«ü¤Ñ¨Ï¡A¬G·t¥Ü´¼¼z¤H³Q´£°ª»P¤Ñ¨Ï¥­µ¥¡A¦ý²z¥Ñ¤£¥R¤À¡FJ.J. Collins, "An Apocalyptic Eschatology as the Transcendence of Death" CBQ 36: 33-35.

107 §ây#s%o{t]t]u^¡]¡u¨Ó©¹©b¶]¡v¡^§ï¬°y#s!o{t#tu^ ("­I¹D"¡^¡A§âhaddaat¡]¡uª¾ÃÑ¡v¡^µø§@ha{ra{`ah¡]"¸o´c"¡^¡C

108 J.M. Lindenberger, "Dan. 12: 1-4" Interpretation, 39: 181-186, 184.

109 AB, 303; Hammer, 112; Lacocque, 232; Anderson, 142.

110 ¦³Ãö¨Ï®{«Où¹ï¼Ä°ò·þªº´y­z»PµS¤Ó©Ô¤ñ¤å¾ÇªºÃö«Y¡A°ÑBraverman, 124-125.

111 Baldwin, 201; ­ð¦ö¤§¡A70.

 

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11±q°£±¼±`ÄmªºêO²½¡B¨Ã³]¥ß¨º¦æ·´Ãa¥i¼¨¤§ª«ªº®É­Ô¡B¥²¦³¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡C

12µ¥¨ì¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤éªº¡B¨º¤H«K¬°¦³ºÖ¡C

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5.¡u¨â­Ó¤H¯¸¥ß¡v¡G¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¥H¤Hªº§Î¹³Åã²{¡A¯¸¦b©³®æ¨½´µªe¨âÃä¡]¤Q4¡^¡C

¡u¤@­Ó¦bªe³oÃä¡v¡G¡uªe¡vªº­ì¤å¦b¸t¸g¦h«ü®J¤Îªº¥§Ã¹ªe¡A112§@ªÌ±Ä¥Î³o­Ó¦r¨ÓºÙ©I©³®æ¨½´µªe¡A·t¥Ü¤W«Ò¦b¥X®J¤Î®É¦p¦ó³Ó¹L®J¤Î¬@±ÏÍ¢ªº¦Ê©m¡A²{¦b·|¦P¼Ë¬@±ÏÍ¢ªº¿ï¥Á²æÂ÷¼Ä¤Hªº­¢®`¡C

6.¡u¯¸¦bªe¤ô¥H¤W¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¡v¡G«ü¦b²Ä¤Q³¹¦V¦ý¥H²zÅã²{ªº¨º¤@¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¡]¤Q5¡^¡C©Ò¥H¡A·í®É¦@¦³¤T¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¡F¦ý¥H²z©M¬ï²Ó³Â¦çªº¤Ñ¨Ï¯¸¦bªeªº¤W´å¡A¦Ó¥t¥~¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï¦bªeªº¤U´å¡C113

¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æ¡A¨ì´X®É¤~À³Åç©O¡v¡G¡u©_²§ªº¨Æ¡v¡A¤D«ü¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤@¸`¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹¤T¸`©Ò°O¸üªº´Ý»Å­¢®`¡F¡u©_²§¡v»P¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤»¸`ªº¡u©_²§¡v©M¤K³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¡u«D±`ªº·´·À¡v¤§¡u«D±`¡v¦P¤@­Ó¦r®Ú¡A¬G·t¥Ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¹ï¤W«ÒªºÁ¶Âp©M¹ï¿ï¥Áªº­¢®`¡C¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æ¨ì´X®É¤~À³Åç©O¡v­ì§@¡u³o©_²§ªº¨Æªºµ²§½¦ó®É¤~Á{¨ì©O¡H¨s³º¿ï¥Á©Ò¨üªº­¢®`¦ó®É¤~§¹µ²©O¡]¤K14¡^¡H

7.¡u¦V¤ÑÁ|°_¥ª¥k¤â¡v¡G¦V¤Ñ°_»}¡F¬ù®É¥Nªº°_»}¦hÁ|°_¤@°¦¤â¡]³Ð¤Q¥|22¡F¥X¤»8¡F¥Ó¤Ê¤G40¡^¡AÁ|°_¨â°¦¤âªí¥Ü°_»}ªº°Ê§@¯S§O²ø­«ªºÄYµÂ¡A»}¨¥¥²©wÀ³Åç¡C

¡u«üú¦¬¡¨ì¥Ã»·ªº¥D°_»}¡v¡G¤W«Ò¥Ã»·¬¡ú¦¡]¥|34¡^¡A¬GÍ¢¥i«OÃÒ»}¨¥¥Ã»·¦³®Ä¡Aµ´¤£¸¨ªÅ¡C114

¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¡G°Ñ¤C³¹¤Ü¤­¸`¡C

¡u¥´¯}¸t¥ÁÅv¤Oªº®É­Ô¡v¡G¸t¥Á¨ü­¢®`®t¤£¦h§¹¥þ³Q·Àµ´¡A¥H­P¤O¶q®ø¥¢¡C

8.¡u§Ú¥D°Ú¡v¡G¹ï§O¤H¦³Â§»ª©M´L·qªººÙ©I¡]¤Q16¡^¡A¤]¬O¹²¤H¹ï¥D¤H±`¥ÎªººÙ©I¡C

¡u³o¨Ç¨Æªºµ²§½¬O«ç¼Ë©O¡v¡G¦ý¥H²z¤£©ú¥Õ¤Ñ¨Ï¬°¦ó¬é«ü¥X¸t¥Á¨ü­W­n¨ì¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡A«o¨S¦³´£¨ì¨º­¢®`¸t¥Áªº¤H¤§µ²§½¡A¬G¦V¤Ñ¨Ï¿Ô¸ß¡C

9.¡u§A¥uºÞ¥h¡v¡G¡u¥h¡v¤D¬O¤Ñ¨Ï±Ð°V¦ý¥H²z¤£­n¹L¥÷¦n©_¡A¤]¤£­n°l°Ý¡A¥uºÞ§âºÃÃø©ñ¤U¡F115¦]¬°¦³¨Ç¨Æ¤£·|¦b·í®ÉÀ³Åç¡A¬G¨S¦³¸ÑÄÀªº¥²­n¡C¦ý¥H²zÁöµM¿Ë¦ÕÅ¥¨£¦¹±Ò¥Ü¡A«o¤£§¹¥þ©ú¥Õ¡F¬G¦¹¡A¹ï¥L¨Ó»¡¡A±Ò¥Ü¤´¬O¡uÁôÂëʳ¬¡v¡C¥D­C¿q¤]´¿§h©J¨Ï®{©¼±o¤£­n±´Å¥¦³Ãö¬ù¿«ªº¨Æ±¡¡A¥uºÞ¦Û¤v±M¤ß¸ò±q¥L¡]¬ù¤Ü¤@21¡^¡C

10.¡u±©¿W´¼¼z¤H¯à©ú¥Õ¡v¡GÁöµM¦ý¥H²z¤£©ú¥Õ¡A¦ý³o¨Ç¡u«Ê³¬¡vªº±Ò¥Ü¦³¤@¤Ñ·|¦¨¬°¦b­¢®`¤¤ªº¸t¥ÁªºÀ°§U¡A¥L­Ì¥²¦]©ú¥Õ¦Ó¦³¤O¶q¸g¹L­¢®`ªº¡u¼õ·Ò¡v¦¨¬°¡u²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡v¡]¤Q¤@35«ü¥X´¼¼z¤H³Q¼õ·Ò¦Ó²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡A¦¹³B«o»¡¨º¨Ç¤H¦b¼õ·Ò¤¤¦¨¬°²M²b¼ä¥Õ¡A¤D¦]¥L­Ì¦³´¼¼z¡^¡C

11.¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¡G»P¤U¤@¸`ªº¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v¥i¦³¤TºØ¸ÑÄÀ¡G

²Ä¤@¡A±µ¨ü®É¥N¥D¸qªº¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¥»¬q¡]¤Q¤G5-13¡^½×­z¥½¥@ªº±¡´º¡C¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¤D«ü¤C¦~¤j¨aÃøªº«á¤T¦~¥b¡C¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¤ñ¤T¦~¥b¦h¥X¤Ê¤Ñ¡A¨º¤Ê¤Ñ´N¬O°ò·þ²Ä¤G¦¸­°Á{«á¼f§P¥@¬É©Ò»Ýªº®É¶¡¡]¤Ó¤Ü¤­31-46¡^¡F§Y¬O»¡¡A¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤Ñ¬O±q¤j¨aÃø¤¤´Á­pºâ¡Aª½¦Ü¼f§P§¹²¦¡C¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v¤ñ¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¦h¥X¥|¤Q¤­¤Ñ¡A³o¥|¤Q¤­¤Ñ¬O¥Î¨Ó«Ø¥ß©M¦w±Æ¤dÁH¦~°ê¤ºªv¨Æªº²Õ´¡C116

²Ä¤G¡A¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v¶H¼x¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¦Ü¼Ä°ò·þªº­¢®`¡A¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v«h¶H¼x¾ã­Ó­¢®`ªº®É´Áª½¦Ü¤W«Òªº°ê§¹¥þ«Ø¥ß¡C117¥Ñ©óµS¤Ó¤H¥H¤T¦Ê¤»¤Q¤Ñ¬°¤@¦~¡A¬G¡u¤T¦~¥b¡v¤D¬O¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤»¤Q¤Ñ¡A¦Ó¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q©M¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­³£¬é¤ñ¤T¦~¥b¡]§¹¥þ¼Æ¥Ø¡u¤C¡vªº¥b¼Æ¡^µyªø¡AÅã¥Ü¸t¥Á¥u·|¨ü­¢®`¤@¬q®É¶¡¡C¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦]¬°²Ä¤C³¹¤Ü¤­¸`¡]¤Q¤G7¡^¥»»¡¡u¸t¥Á¥²¥æ¥I¥L¤â¤@¸ü¡B¤G¸ü¡B¥b¸ü¡v¡]¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤»¤Q¤é¡^¡A³oùØ«o«ü¥X¹ê»Úªº­WÃø­n¤ñ¹w´Á¦h¡]¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡^¡A¬Æ¦ÜÁÙ­n§ó¦h¡]¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡^¡C¬G¦¹¡A¸t¥Á°È­n¡u§Ô­@¨ì©³¡A¥²µM±o±Ï¡v¡]¥i¤Q¤T13¡^¡C¯à°÷§Ô¨üªø®É´Á­WÃøªº¡A«K¬O¦³ºÖªº¤H¡C118

²Ä¤T¡AÃÙ¦¨²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤@¦Ü¥|¸`¡A¬O½×¨ì¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@­¢®`µS¤Ó¤Hªº¾ÇªÌ¡A«o¬Û«H¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡vªí¼x¨º¤@¬q¥Ñ¥L¤£­ãµS¤Ó¤HÄm²½ª½¦Ü¥L¦º¤`ªº¤é¤l¡A¦Ó¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¥|¤Q¤­¤Ñ¤Dªí¼x¨º¤@¬q¥L¦º«áª½¦Ü«Ø¥ß·sªÀ·|¨î«×©MÄw³Æ¸t·µ©^Äm§ªº¤é¤l¡C119¥t¦³¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¤T¤Q¤Ñ¤D¬O§@ªÌ¼¶¼g²Ä¤Q¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹©Ò¥Îªº®É¶¡¡A¦Ó¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v©Ò¦h¥Xªº¥|¤Q¤­¤é¤D¬O¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¥Xª©©Ò¥Îªº®É¶¡¡F120³o²z½×¨S¦³¥ô¦óÃÒ¾Ú¤ä«ù¡C

13.¡u§A¥B¥hµ¥­Ôµ²§½¡v¡G¥H²z¦A³Q§h©J­n¡u¥h¡v¡]9¸`¡^¡A¡u¥h¡v¨«§¹¥L¤H¥Íªº®È³~¡AµM«á¦w®§¡]Áɤ­¤Q¤C2¡^¡C¨ì¤F¥½´Á¡A¥L¥²´_¬¡¡A°_¨Ó©Ó¨ü¤W«Ò¬°¥L¹w³Æªº²£·~¡]¤h¤@3¡F¦è¤@12¡^¡C121

¥»¬q¤D¬O³Ì«á²§¶Hªºµ²§ô¡C¦ý¥H²z­º¥ýÅ¥¨£¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨Ïªº¹ï¸Ü¡F³o¨â¦ì¤Ñ¨ÏªºÅã²{¬°¤FÃÒ¹ê¬ï³Â¦çªº¨º¦ì¤Ñ¨Ï©Ò°_ªº»}¡A¦]¬ùªºªk«ß³W©w¨â¤T­Óªº¨£ÃÒ¤~¦³®Ä¡]¥Ó¤Q¤E15¡^¡C

¬ï³Â¦çªº¤Ñ¨Ï°_»}«ü¥X¸t¥Á³Q­¢®`­n¨ì¡u¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v¤~§¹µ²¡A¦ý¥H²z·Q°Ý²M·¡¡A¤Ñ¨Ï«o¤£¦^µª¡A¥u§i¶D¥L¦b­¢®`¤¤¦³¨Ç´¼¼z¤H·|¼ä¨­¦Û·R¡A©¾­s«ù¦u«H¥õ¡A¦ý¤]¦³¨Ç¤H¤´µM¦æ´c¡A¦]¤£©ú¥Õ¤W«Òªº±Ò¥Ü¡C

¤Ñ¨Ï¸òú¦´£¤Î¨â­Ó¤£©öÀ´ªº¼Æ¦r¡]¡u¤@¤d¤G¦Ê¤E¤Q¤é¡v©M¡u¤@¤d¤T¦Ê¤T¤Q¤­¤é¡v¡^¡A¨Ã¥B«ü¥X¨º¨Ç§Ô­@¨ì©³ªº¥²µM»XºÖ¡C

³Ì«á¤@¸`¬O¤Ñ¨Ïµ¹¦ý¥H²zªºÀ³³\©M¯¬ºÖ¡A¥L¬O¤@¦ì´¼¼z¤H¡A¬G²×¥²´_¬¡¡]¤Q¤G1-3¡^¡A©Ó¨ü¤W«Òªº²£·~¡C

 

112 hay#`o^r¡]¡uªe¡v¡^¦b¸t¸g¤@«ß«ü®J¤Îªº¥§Ã¹ªe¡A°£¤F¦b¬ù§B°O¤Ü¤K10©M¥HÁɨȮѤʤT21¡F¸Ó¨â³B¸g¤å¥Î³o¦rªº½Æ¼Æ°O­z¤H¤u¹Bªe¡C

113 AB, 274¡A¡uªe¤ô¥H¤W¡v­ì§@¡uªe¤ôªº°ª³B¡v¡A«üªeªº¤W´å¡C

114 Andrew P.C. Kwong, The Initiatory Oath of the Dead Sea Scrolls¡]M.A. Thesis, Wheaton, 1972¡^, 12.

115 Wood, 325.

116 ­J¨½©ù¡A155.

117 Young, 263.

118 ­ð¦ö¤§¡A76.

119 Hammer, 119; Á¨q¶¯¡A222.

120 Lacocque, 250.

121 ­ð¦ö¤§¡A76. 

 

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¢»¡@³o­Ó³Ì«áªº²§¶HÅý§Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¦a¤Wµo¥Íªº¨Æ»P¤Ñ¤Wªºª§¾Ô¦³±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡A¦]¬°¨C­Ó°ê®a¦b¤Ñ¤W³£¦³¤@¦ìÅ@úÒªº¨ÏªÌ¡C130³\¦h¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡G(a)¥Ó©R°O¤Ê¤G³¹¤K¸`«ü¥X¨C¤@­Ó°ê®a¦³¤@¦ìÅ@úÒªº¨ÏªÌ¡]¡u¥H¦â¦C¤Hªº¼Æ¥Ø¡v¤C¤QĶ¥»§@¡u¤Ñ¨Ïªº¼Æ¥Ø¡v¡^¡F(b)¬ù®Ñ¨È°O¤­³¹¤Q¤T¦Ü¤Q¤­¸`«ü¥X­C©MµØ­x¶¤ªº¤¸«Ó¬°¥H¦â¦C¤Hª§¾Ô¡F(c)¤h®v°O¤­³¹¤Q¤E¦Ü¤G¤Q¸`§â¡u§g¤ýª§¾Ô¡v©M¡u¬P±J±q¤Ñ¤Wª§¾Ô¡v©ñ¦b¤@°_¡F(d)¥HÁɨȮѤܥ|³¹¤Ü¤@¸`½×¨ì­C©MµØ¡u¦b°ª³BÃg»@²³­x¡A¦b¦a¤WÃg»@¦C¤ý¡v¡F(e)¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤Q³¹¤Q¤T¡B¤G¤Q¦Ü¤Ü¤@¸`«o¬O³Ì©úÅã¦a§â¦a¤W¦C°êªºÃö«Y©M¤Ñ¤W¦U°êªºÅ@úҨϪ̪ºÃö«Y³s¦b¤@°_¡A¤Ñ¤Wªº¨Æ¼vÅT©M±±¨î¦a¤W­nµo¥Íªº¨Æ¡F¦ý¬O¡AÅý§Ú­Ì¤£­n§Ñ°O¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤Q³¹¤D¬O¥Î±Ò¥Ü¤å¾ÇªºÅéµô¼¶¼g¡A¥Rº¡¶H¼xªº·N¸q¡A¤£¤@©w»Ý­n«ö¦r­±ªº·N«ä¸ÑÄÀ¡C

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¸t¸g«o°O¸ü¤F¤Ñ¨Ï¦p¦óÀ°§U©M«OÅ@ÄݤW«Òªº¤H¡A¨Ò¦p¥H§Q¨F¡]¤ý¤U¤»14-17¡^©M©¼±o¡]®{¤Q¤G5-11¡^¡C¬G¦¹¡A¦b³o­Ó³Ì©¿µø¤Ñ¨Ïªº¥@¥NùØ¡AÅý§Ú­ÌÂÔ°O¤W«Ò·|«öÍ¢ªº¦®·N¥´µoÍ¢ªº¤Ñ¨Ï«OÅ@·q¬ÈÍ¢ªº¤H¡C131

¢¼¡@³o­Ó³Ì«áªº²§¶H¦³¦h³Bªº´y¼g»P¥HÁɨȮÑÃþ¦ü¡G²Ä¤@¡A´¼¼z¤H¡u¨Ï¦h¤HÂk¸q¡v¡]¤Q¤G2¡^»P¥HÁɨȮѪº­C©MµØªº¹²¤H¡u¨Ï¦h¤H¦]»{ÃÑ¥L±oºÙ¬°¸q¡v¡]Áɤ­¤Q¤T12¡^¬Û¦ü¡F´¼¼z¤HÂÇú¦¥L­Ìªº±Ð¾É©Mº]¼Ë¨Ï¦h¤HÂk¸q¡A­C©MµØªº¹²¤H«o¦]¨ü­W¨Ï¦h¤H±oºÙ¬°¸q¡C132²Ä¤G¡A­C©MµØªº¹²¤H¡u¥²³Q°ª¤É¡B¦¨¬°¦Ü°ª¡v¡]Áɤ­¤Q¤G13¡^¡A¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´¼¼z¤H¡u¥²µo¥ú¦p¦P¤Ñ¤Wªº¥ú¡v¡]¤Q¤G3¡^¡C²Ä¤T¡A¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`ªº¡u´_¬¡¡v»P¥HÁɨȮѤܤ»³¹¤Q¤E¸`¦³Ãö«Y¡F¥HÁɨȮѨºùتº´_¬¡°¾­«©ó±o¬@±Ï©M¨ü¦D»@¡]16-20¸`¡^¡A¥»®Ñ¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`¤]¦P¼Ë±j½Õ¸q¤H´_¬¡¬O±o¬@±Ï¡]¦³¥Ã¥Í¡^¡A´c¤H«o¬O´_¬¡¨ü¦D»@¡C²Ä¥|¡A¤Q¤G³¹¤G¸`´c¤H¡u³Q¼¨´c¡v¥i¯à¬O·½©ó¥HÁɨȮѤ»¤Q¤»³¹¤Ü¥|¸`¡A¨â³B³£»¡©ú´c¤Hªºµ²§½¡C133

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A³Ì«áªº²§¶H«ü¥X¨º¨Ç¹ï¤W«Ò©¾­sªºµS¤Ó¤H¬O¡u»{ÃÑ¡v¤W«Òªº¤l¥Á¡]¤Q¤@32¡^¡A¥L­Ì¥²·|±q¡u¹Ð®J¤¤¡v´_¿ô¡A¥B±o¡u¥Ã¥Í¡v¡C³o¥s¤H¥ß¨èÁp·Q¨ì¨È·í®L«½¥Ç¸oªº¹Lµ{¡F¥L­Ì¥Ç¸o¤D¦]¬°­n¹³¤W«Ò¤@¼Ë¾Ö¦³¥þ³¡ªºª¾ÃÑ¡]³Ð¤T5¡^¡A134µ²ªG¤H­nÂk©ó¡u¹Ð¤g¡v¡]³Ð¤T19¡^¡A¥B¤£¯à¦Y¡u¥Í©R¾ð¡v¤WªºªG¤l¡]³Ð¤T22¡^¡C¨È·í®L«½¥Ç¸o¤D¦]­I°f¤W«Ò¡A¦Ó´¼¼z¤H«o¦b³Ì§xÃøªºÀô¹Ò¤§¤U¤´µM¶¶±q¤W«Ò¡F³o¯u¬O±j¯Pªº¹ï¤ñ¡C

 

122 ³oºØ¥ýÅã²{«á¹ï¸Ü¡]Epiphany with an angelic discourse¡^ªº¶Ç«H®§¤è¦¡¤]¦b¥H¦èµ²®Ñ¤@³¹©M±Ò¥Ü¿ý¤@13-15¥X²{¹L¡F°ÑS. Niditch, "The Visionary" in Ideal Figures in Ancient Judaism¡]ed.¡^J.J. Collins¡]Scholar, 1980¡^, 153-179.

123 N.C. Habel, The Book of Job¡]SCM, 1985¡^, 297; A. van Selms, Job¡] Eerdmans, 1985¡^, 78.

124 A. Cody, Ezekiel¡]Michael Glazier, 1984¡^, 175; P.C. Craigie, Ezekiel ¡]St. Andrew, 1983¡^, 260-261.

125 ¥i°Ñ¦ÒRSV, NEB, JBªºÂ½ÄÀ¡FJ.F.A. Sawyer, Isaiah I¡]St. Andrew, 1984¡^, 220-221.

126 J.D.W. Watts, Isaiah 1-33¡]Word, 1985¡^, 342; ¥LÁÙ±´°Q¤F¾ã¥»¥HÁɨȮѪº"´_¬¡"Æ[¡A343-344.

127 G.W.E. Nickelsburg, Resurrection, Immortality, and Eternal Life in Intertestamental Judaism¡]Harvard, 1972¡^, 19.

128 ¼w§J¹F¯«¤÷¡]M. Dahood¡^´¿¦b¥L¸Ö½g¸àÄÀ¤¤«ü¥X¸Ö½g¦³³\¦hÃö©ó¥Í©R¤£¦´©M´_¬¡ªº«ä·Q¡A¦ý¥Lªº¬Ýªk¨Ã¨S¦³±o¨ì¦h¼Æ¾ÇªÌªº¤ä«ù¡FM. Dahood, Psalms, I¡]Doubleday, 1965¡^, 106.

129 ¦³Ãö°ò·þ®{¨­Åé´_¬¡ªº¯S©Ê¡A°ÑBruce Milne, Know the Truth¡]IVP, 1982¡^, 270.

130 ¦³Ãö³o¤è­±ªº°Q½×¡A¥i°ÑP.D. Miller, The Divine Warrior in Early Israel¡]Harvard, 1973¡^, ¥H¤ÎP.D. Hanson, The Dawn of Apocalyptic ¡]Fortress, 1975¡^, 292-324.

131 °¨¤ÓºÖ­µ¤Q¤K10¡u¥L­Ìªº¨ÏªÌ¡v¦n¹³·t¥Ü¨C¤@­Ó¤H¦³¤@¦ì«OÅ@¥Lªº¨ÏªÌ¡FBilly Graham, Angels¡]Doubleday, 1975¡^, 88.

132 Davies, 110.

133 Lacocque¡]243-244¡^¬Æ¦Ü¥Î¥HÁɨȮѤ»¤Q¤»24¤ä«ù¥LªºÆ[ÂI¡A´N¬O´c¤H¨Ã¨S¦³´_¬¡¡A¦]¬°¥HÁɨȮѴ£¨ì´c¤Hªº«Í­º»G¤Æ¡A¬G¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº´c¤H¤]¨S¦³¨­Åé´_¬¡¡C

134 ¡u¤À§Oµ½´c¡v¡]³Ð¤G17¡^­ì§@"µ½´cªºª¾ÃÑ"¡A¥Î¡uµ½´c¡v¨â­Ó¹ï¤ñªí¥Ü¡u¥þ³¡ªºª¾ÃÑ¡v¡C

 

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¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¦b²Ä¤G¡B²Ä¤C³¹±Ä¥Î¤F¡u¥|°ê¡v´yø¤H¶¡ªº°ê«×¡F¦Ò¥j¾Çªºµo²{ÃÒ¹ê¤Ú¤ñ­Û°ê®É¤w¦³¥Î³o¼Ëªº§Î¦¡´y­z¤HÃþ¾ú¥v¡C1

¥¿¦p¤W¤å©Ò«ü¥X¡A²Ä¤G³¹©M²Ä¤C³¹ªº¥|°ê»P²Ä¤K¡B²Ä¤E¡B²Ä¤Q¦Ü¤Q¤G³¹¦³±K¤ÁÃö«Y¡A¤F¸Ñ³o¥|°ê¨s³º¬O¨º¨Ç°ê®a¡A±N·|¼vÅT§Ú­Ì¹ï¾ã¥»¦ý¥H²z®Ñªº¸ÑÄÀ¡C

¾ú¥N¥H¨Ó¡A¾ÇªÌ­Ì¹ï³o¥|­Ó°ê®a¦³¤TºØ¬Ýªk¡C

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1 G.F. Hasel, "The Four World Empires of Daniel 2 aginst its Near Eastern Environment" JSOT 12: 17-30.

 

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4.¡u²Ä¥|Ã~¡v«ü§Æþ¡C²Ä¤@¡A¡u²Ä¥|Ã~¬Æ¬O¥i©È¡A·¥¨ä±j§§¡A¤j¦³¤O¶q¡A¦³¤jÅK¤ú¡A§]³ðÄZ¸H¡v¡]7¸`¡^¬O¨È¾ú¤s¤jªº¼g·Ó¡A¥L©Ò¦VµL¼Ä¡A¯»¸H©è¾×¥Lªº¤H¡C24²Ä¤G¡A¡u³oÃ~»P«e¤TÃ~¡A¤j¤£¬Û¦P¡v·t¥Ü§Æþ·½©ó¦è¤è¡A»PªF­±ªº¤Ú¤ñ­Û¡Bº¿¥N¡Bªi´µ³£¤£¬Û¦P¡F¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦pªG²Ä¥|°ê¬Où°¨¡A³o¥y¸Ü¤£¾A¤Á¡A¦]¬°Ã¹°¨©M§Æþ³£¬O¼Ú¬wªº°ê®a¡A¦³«Ü¦h¬Û¦Pªº¦a¤è¡C¡u¤Q¨¤¡v¡]7¸`¡^«ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº¤Q­Ó§g¤ý¡C25¡u¤p¨¤¡v¡]8¸`¡^«ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¡F¥L°£±¼¤F¤T­Ó¬F¼Ä¡A¤S¡u»¡¸Ø¤jªº¸Ü¡v§ðÀ»¦Ü°ªªÌ¡]25¸`¡F¤ñ¸û¤K25¡A¤Q¤@36¡^¡A¾Ô³Ó©M§é¿i¸t¥Á¡A§ïÅܸt¥Áªº¸`´Á©M«ßªk¡]21¡B25¸`¡F¤ñ¸û¤K11-12¡A¤E26-27¡A¤Q¤@31¡^¡C¡u¸t¥Á¥²¥æ¥I¥L¤â¤@¸ü¤G¸ü¥b¸ü¡v«ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¥Ñ¥D«e¤@¤»¤C¦~¶}©l©v±Ð¤W­¢®`¸t¥Á¡Aª½¦Ü¥D«e¤@¤»¥|¦~¤Q¤G¤ë¤G¤Q¤­¤é­«Äm¸t·µ¡]¤]¥i«ü168-165 B.C.¡^¡C26

5.¤p¨¤©M²Ä¥|ÀYÃ~³Q·´·À¡]11¸`¡^¡A«ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº·À¤`¡C¡u¨ä¾lªºÃ~¡BÅv¬`³£³Q¹Ü¥h¡A¥Í©R«o¤´¦s¯d¡v¡]12¸`¡^´y¼g²Ä¥|Ã~ªº§Æþ°êÁö³Q·´·À¡A¦ý¤Ú¤ñ­Û¡Bº¿¥N¡Bªi´µ¡]«e¤TÃ~¡^«o¤£³Q¥]¬A¦bù°¨ªºª©¹Ï¤º¡A¤´Â¬O¿W¥ßªº°ê®a¡C¡u°ê«×¡BÅv¬`¡B©M¤Ñ¤U½Ñ°êªº¤jÅv¡A¥²½çµ¹¦Ü°ªªÌªº¸t¥Á¡v¡]27¸`¡^´y­z°ò·þ²Ä¤@¦¸­°Á{¡A±a¶i¤F¤W«Òªº°ê«×¡A¦ý­n¦bÍ¢²Ä¤G¦¸­°Á{®É¡A³o°ê«×¤~§¹¥þ³Q«Ø¥ß¦b¦a¤W¡C¨ì®É­Ô¡AÍ¢ªº¸t¥Á­n»PÍ¢¥Ã»·¦b¦a¤W§@¤ý¡]±Ò¤­9¡B10¡^¡C

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4.¤½¤s¦Ï¡u¥Î¸}½î½ñ¡v¡]¤K7¡^¡A²Ä¥|Ã~¡u¥Î¸}½î½ñ¡v¡]¤C7¡^¡C

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¢¼¡@²Ä¤E³¹ªºÀY¤C­Ó¤C¤D¬O­C§Q¦Ì»¡¹w¨¥¡]587 B.C.¡^¶}©l¡Aª½¨ì¥j¦C©Î¤j²½¥q¬ù®Ñ¨Èªº®É­Ô¡]538 B.C.¡^¡C¤»¤Q¤G­Ó¤C«ü¥j¦C©Î¬ù®Ñ¨È¨ì¤j²½¥q¨È¥§¦è¤T¥@¡]171 B.C.¡^¡C³Ì«á¤@­Ó¤C¡]171-164 B.C.¡^«h¥]¬A¨È¥§¨È¤T¥@³Q±þ¡A¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@ªº­x¶¤·´·À­C¸ô¼»§N¡A±°¹Ü¸t·µªº°]ª«¡F³o­Ó´Ý´cªº§g¤ý©ó¤@¤»¤K¦~¶}©l¦b«H¥õ¤W­¢®`¸t¥Á¡A¸T¤î¥L­ÌÄm²½¡A§ó¦b¸t·µ³]¥ß¨º¥i¼¨ªº¥á´µ°¸¹³¡C¦ý¬O¡A¤W«Ò·|¹w©w´Á­­¡A¥²©w·´·À¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¡C

²Ä¤Ü¤C¸`ªº¡u¥L¡v«ü²Ä¤Ü¤»¸`ªº¡u¤@¤ý¡v¡A¦Ó³o¤ý¡u¨Ï²½ªÁªº¨ÑÄm¤î®§¡v¡A³]¥ß¨º¦æ·´Ãa¥i¼¨ªº¡A³o¥¿¬O¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@©Ò°µªº¨Æ¡]¤K11¡A¤Q¤@31¡^¡Fµ´¤j³¡¥÷ªº¾ÇªÌ³£©Ó»{³o¨â¬q¸g¤å¤D´y¼g¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¡C

¢½¡@¨Ì¾Ú³o»¡ªk¡]§Y²Ä¥|°ê¬°§Æþ¡^¡A²Ä¤Q¤@³¹¬O¹w¨¥¥Ñªi´µ¦Ü¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@¨ÆÂÝ¡]¥]¬A¤Q¤@40-45¡^¡C28²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤@¦Ü¥|¸`«ü¥X¨º¨Ç¦b­¢®`¤¤¹ï¤W«Ò©¾­sªº¸t¥Á¡AÁöµM³Q±þ¡A¤´·|´_¬¡±oú¦¥Ã»·¥Í©R¡C²Ä¤Q¤G³¹¤­¦Ü¤Q¤T¸`ÄU«jŪªÌ§Ô­@¨ì©³¡A¦Ó¦ý¥H²z¦]¹ï¤W«Ò©¾­s¡A¦b¥½´Á¥²·|´_¬¡¡A¨É¨ü¤W«Ò©Ò¹w³Æªº²£·~¡C

 

4 ¨ä¹ê¡A²Ä¤E³¹27¸`¡u¦³©Á«ã¶É¦b¨º¦æ·´Ãaªº¨­¤W¡Aª½¨ì©Ò©wªºµ²§½¡v¤]¦^À³²Ä¤K³¹19¸`¡u´o«ãÁ{§¹¥²¦³ªº¨Æ¡A¦]¬°³o¬OÃö¥G¥½«áªº©w´Á¡v¡A¥H¤Î²Ä¤Q¤@³¹¤Ê¤»¸`¡uª½¨ì¥Dªº©Á«ã§¹²¦¡A¦]¬°©Ò©wªº¨Æ¡A¥²µM¦¨´N¡v¡AGurney¡A30.

5 Ibid, 31.

6 ¥j¦C¥»¨Ó¥u²Îªvªi´µÆWªF©¤ªº¤@¤p´T¤g¦a¡A«á¨Ó¦V¦è¦ù©µ¡A¸g¹L¦Ì©Òªi¤j¦Ì¥_³¡¡Aª½¹F¤p¨È¦è¨Èªº§f©³¨È¡]Lydia¡^¡A¸Ó¦a¥»Äݺ¿¥N°ê²ÎºÞ¡A²{«o¥þ³¡¡]¥]¬A­º©²¼»¨f¡^³£¸¨¦b¥j¦C¤âùØ¡F¦b¤p¨È¦è¨È·Rµ^®üªu©¤ªº§Æþ«°¥«¡A¥»¨ÓÄݧf©³¨È©ÒºÞªv¡A³£¦V¥j¦C¦ÚªA¡F°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A¥H¦â¦C»P¦C°ê¥v¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1983¡^¡A131-132.

7 ¬d§JÂÄ´£¬OJaxertes¡F°Ñ¥¬¿à¯S¡A¥H¦â¦C¥v¡]¤åÃÀ¡A1971¡^¡A377.

8 ªi´µ¤ý¥Ì«ô¦è¦b¥D«e¤­¤G¤­¦~§ð¦û¤F®J¤Î¡A¦¬¤Jªi´µ°êªºª©¹Ï¡C

9 Á¤ͤý¡A¨â¬ù¤¤¶¡¥v²¤¡]ºØ¬ó¡A1978¡^¡A59.

10 ¤j§Q¯Q¤@¥@´¿¦V¦è¶i§ð¯S©Ô¦è¡]Thrace¡^¡A¤S´ç¦h·êªe§ðÀ»¼Ú¬wªº¦è¥j´£¤H¡]Scythians¡^¡F¥¿¦]¬°¥L¦û»â¤F¯S©Ô¦è¡B°¨¨ä¹y¡B©M¤p¨È¦è¨È¦è©¤ªº§Æþ´Þ¥Á¦a¡A¤~¾É­P¤é«áªi´µ§Æþ¤§¾Ô¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A59.

11 IBD, 1199¡F°£¤F§Æþªº¤ñù¨¹¥§¦è¡]Peloponese¡^¡A¬G¤Þµo¤F¤ñù¨¹¥§¦è¨È¤§§Ð¡]Peloponnesian War¡^.

12 ¦Ì´£¨F¹F¤»¥@¡]Mithridates VI¡^¬O¨È¨FÁ§´Â¡]Arsacid Dynasty¡^³Ì«á¤Î³Ì°¶¤jªº¤@­Ó¤ý¡F¥L¬O©ó¥D«e¤G¤Q¤K¦~¦Vù°¨µo°Ê¾Ôª§ªº¡F°Ñ¤R¾|´µ¡A244.

13 §J©Ô¯Á¡]Crassus¡^¥»»PÃe°ö¡]Pompey¡^»P³Í¼»¤j«Ò¡]Caesar Julius¡^¦P¬°Ã¹°¨°ê¤T¤j¥¨ÀY¡C

14 ®É¬°¥D«e¥|¤Q¤K¦Ü¥|¤Q¤C¦~¡F¤R¾|´µ¡A250.

15 ¦wªF¥§¡]Antonius¡^©ó¥D«e¤K¤G¦Ü¤T¡³¦~´xÅv¡FÁ¤ͤý¡A345.

16 Gurney, 36; ¤Þ¦ÛB.L. Montgomery, A History of Warfare¡]Collins, 1968¡^.

17 J.H. Walton, "The Four Kingdoms of Daniel" JETS 29: 25-36, 35, n.47.

18 Á¨q¶¯¡A155.

19 Anderson, 24; Montgomery, 178.

20 R. Ghirshman, Iran¡]Penguin, 1954¡^, 113.

21 E. Yamanchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier¡]Baker, 1982¡^, 43.

22 R. Ghirshman, op. cit, 106; E. Yamauchi, op. cit, 80.

23 Á¨q¶¯¡]182-183¡^»{¬°¡u¯Í»H¡v«üªi´µ°ê¾Ö¦³¾÷°Ê©Êªº­x¤O¡A¡u¥|ÀY¡v¬O§¹µ½ªº°ê®a²Õ´©M¬Fµ¦¡C

24 ªi´µ°ê¡]¤×¨ä¬O¥j¦C¡^¥Hµ½«Ý¾Ô±Ñ°ê¹£¦W¡F¡u½î½ñÄZ¸H¡v¥i«ü¨È¾ú¤s¤jªº§Æþ¤Æ¬Fµ¦¡FÁ¨q¶¯187.

25 J.H. Walton, op. cit.¡]32-33¡^«Øij§â¡u¤Q¨¤¡v¸Ñ§@¨È¾ú¤s¤j¦º«á§Æþ°ê¤g©Ò¤À¬°ªº¤Q­Ó°Ï°ì¡]¥Ñ¥|­Ó±N­x²ÎºÞ¡^¡A¦w´£ªü­ô¥|¥@´¿«I¦û©ÎºÞÁÒ¤F¤T­Ó°Ï¡A¬G§â¡u¤T¨¤¡v©Þ¥X¡C

26 Á¨q¶¯¡A187-188.

27 ¦Ì°Ç¼w¡A780.

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3.¥D­C¿q¦Û¤v§â¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¤E³¹¤Ü¤C¸`À³¥Î¦bù°¨´£¦h¨­¤W¡]¤Ó¤Ü¥|15¡^¡A¬G²Ä¥|°ê¥²¬Où°¨¡C41¦óªp¡A«Où¡]©««á¤G3-4¡^©M¬ù¿«¡]±Ò13³¹¡^³£¥Î¦ý¥H²z®Ñ²Ä¤C³¹ªº¡u¤p¨¤¡v´y­z¼Ä°ò·þ¡C

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4.¦³¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X¦­´ÁµS¤Ó¤Hªº§@«~©M±Ð¤÷³£»{¬°²Ä¥|°ê¬Où°¨44

³o¬O¦]¬°·í®É¥L­Ì³£¬O¥Í¬¡¦bù°¨®É¥N¡A¬G§â²Ä¥|°êÀ³¥Î¦bù°¨¡F¥¿¦p¼¶¼g¦º®ü¥j¨÷ªº¹ÎÅé§â¬ù¤@¨Ç¹w¨¥µø§@À³Åç¦b¥L­Ì¨­¤W¡C45

¨ä¹ê¡A¦­¤w¦³³\¦hºÖ­µ¬£¾ÇªÌ«ü¥X²Ä¥|°ê¤D¬O§Æþ¡C46

29 J.H. Walton, op. cit., 36.

30 ¥i¤ñ¸ûJ. Goldingay, How to Read the Bible¡]Oliphants, 1977¡^, 125.

31 G. Cameron, History of Early Iran¡]Chicago, 1936¡^, 221.

32 ¤R¾|´µ¡A126-132.

33 R. Gurney, "The Four Kingdoms of Daniel 2 and 7" Themelios¡]1977¡^2: 39-45.

34 Aemilius Sura; °ÑG. Hasel, op. cit., 19.

35 Fourth Sibylline Oracle; °ÑD. Flusser, "The Four Empires in the Fourth Sibyl and in the Book of Daniel" Israel Oriental Studies¡]1972¡^2: 148-175.

36 J.H. Walton, op. cit., 34.

37 J. Goldingay, "The Book of Daniel: Three Issues" Themelios¡]1977¡^2: 45-49, 47.

38 J. McDowell, 67.

39 "À³Åç"¡]fulfilment¡^©M"§¹¦¨"¡]consummation¡^.

40 «ä°ª¡A74.

41 Young, 293.

42 ñK¬±°x¡A"¹ê¥Î¬ù¸Ñ¸gªk"¡Aªì¼ô¤§ªG¡]¤¤¯«¡A1979¡^¡A12-15¡C¦³Ãö§Ú­Ì¬O§_¥i¥H¥é®Ä·s¬ù§@ªÌ¸ÑÄÀ¬ùªº¤èªk¡A°ÑR.N. Longenecker, "Who is the Prophet Talking About? Some Reflections on the New Testament's Use of the Old" Themelios,¡]1987¡^1: 4-8, 7-8; R.N. Longnecker, "Three Ways of Understanding Relations between the Testaments Historically and Today" in Tradition ¡® Interpretation in the New Testament¡]Eerdmans, 1987¡^, 22-32; Moise*s Silva, Has the Church Misread the Bible¡]Zondervan, 1987¡^, 107.

43 R.T. France, Jesus and the Old Testament¡]Tyndale, 1971¡^, 72-73.

44 J.H. Walton, 26-27; B.S. Childs, Introduction to the Old Testament¡]Fortress, 1978¡^, 619.

45 C.F. Pfeiffer, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Bible¡]Baker, 1975¡^,116-120.

46 G.J. Wenham, "Daniel: The Basic Issue" Themelios¡]1977¡^2:49-52, 51.

 

¡]¤­¡^¬°¬Æ»ò²{¤µªººÖ­µ¬£¾ÇªÌ¤£ÃÙ¦P²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ¡H

³Ì¥D­nªº­ì¦]¤D¬O»{¬°²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþªº¾ÇªÌ¦h¼Æ¬Û«H¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬O¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬öªº§@«~¡F³o¬O³\¦hºÖ­µ¬£¾ÇªÌ©Ò¤£¯à±µ¨üªº¡]°Ñ¥»®Ñªº¡uºü½×¡v¡^¡C

¨ä¹ê¡A¤@­Ó±µ¨ü¦ý¥H²z®Ñ¬O¼g©ó¥D«e²Ä¤»¥@¬öªº¾ÇªÌ¥i¥H¦P®É­ÔÃÙ¦P²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ¡A¨âªÌ¨Ã¤£½Ä¬ð¡C47

¥t¤@¤è­±¡A¦³¤@¨ÇºÖ­µ¬£ªº¾ÇªÌ¬Û«H²Ä¥|°ê¤D«ü§Æþ¡A¥H¤Î¥»®Ñ¤D¬O¦b¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬ö©Ò¼g¡A¤£¬O¦]¬°¥L­Ì§_©w¸t¸gªº¹w¨¥¡A¥u¬Oı±o¥»®Ñªº«H®§»P¥D«e²Ä¤G¥@¬öµS¤Ó¤Hªº¸g¾ú¦³§ó±K¤ÁªºÃö«Y¡FÁ|¥@»D¦Wªº¤R¾|´µ«K¬O¤@­Ó¥Nªí¤Hª«¡C

µ§ªÌ¦b¥»µùÄÀ¤º¡A±Ä¯Ç¤F¶Ç²Îªº¸ÑÄÀ¡F¦ý¬O¡A§Ú­ÌÀ³¸Ó­«·s«ä·Q§Æþ¬£ªº¸ÑÄÀ¡A¤ÀªR¥¦ªºªøµu¡A¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¥i¥H³Q±µ¯Ç¡C

µL½×²Ä¥|°ê¬O§Æþ©Î¬Où°¨¡A³Ì­«­nªº¤D¬OÂÔ°O¦]¬°°ò·þ¹D¦¨¦×¨­¡A¡u§Ú­Ì¤w¶i¤J¤F¤@­Ó·sªº®É¥N¡A´N¬O¤@­Ó¥½¥@©Êªº±ÏÅ«®É¥N¡A³o®É¥N¬O¨Ó¥@»P¤µ¥@ªº­«Å|¡A¬O¤µ¥@ªº²×§½¶¥¬q¡A¤]¬O·s¥Íªº§Ç¹õ¡C°ò·þ®{³£À³¦³¦¹¯S¦³ªº®É¥N·P¡A¨Ï§Ú­Ì¤£¥Ì§@­Ó´¶³q¤H¡A±Ä¯Ç´¶³q¤Hªº»ù­ÈÆ[©M¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡v¡C48

47 ©úÅ㪺¨Ò¤l¦³R. Gurney©MW.H. Walton.

48 ¦ó¾G·R·u¡A¡u®É­Ôº¡¨¬¡v¡A¼½¹D¯«¾Ç°|°|°T¡]1988¡^¤G¤ë¡A2.

 

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¤@¡B­^¤å®Ñ¥Z

Albright, W.F.                          "The Date and Personality of the Chronicler", JBL 40.

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Archer, G.L.                             "The Aramaic of the Genesis Apocryphon compared with the Aramaic of Daniel". in New Perspectives on the Old Testament, ed. Barton Payre. Word, 1970.

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Barton, G.A.                            Archaeology and the Bible. American Sunday School Union, 1937.

Bauckham, R.J.                        "The Rise of Apocalyptic", Themelios 3: 10-23.

Beale, G.K.                              "The Influence of Daniel upon the Structure and Theology of John's Apocalypse", JETS 27: 413-424.

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Beasley-Murray, G.R.              Revelation. Eerdmans, 1974.

Beeks, M.A.                            Das Danielbuch. Leyden, 1935.

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Bentzer, A.                               Daniel¡]HAT¡^. Mohr, 1952.

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Bevan, A.A.                             A Short Commentary on the Book of Daniel. Cambridge University Press, 1892.

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Boadt, L.                                  Jeremiah 26-52, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Nahum. Michael Glazier, 1982.

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Boutflower, C.                          In and Around the Book of Daniel. Zondervan, 1963.

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Bruce, F.F.                               "The Background to the Son of Man Sayings" in Christ the Lord. ed Rowden, H. H. IVP, 1982.

Burrell, D.R.                             "The Insane Kings of the Bible", American Journal of Insanity¡]1894¡^493-504.

Cameron, G.C.                         History of Early Iran Chicago, 1936.

Campbell, D.K.                        Daniel: Decoder of Dreams. Victor, 1977.

Caquot, A.                               "Les quatre be^tes et le fils d~homme", Semitica 17: 35-71.

Carson, D.A.                            "The Personal God", in Lion's Handbook of Christian Belief. Lion, 1982.

Cartledge, S.A.                        A Conservation Introduction to the Old Testament. Zondervan, 1943.

Casey, M.                                Son of Man. SPCK, 1979.

Charles, R.H.                           Pseudepigrapha.

Childs, B.S.                              Introduction to the Old Testament. Fortress, 1978.

Churchill, W.                            The Eloquence of Winston Churchill. Signett, 1957.

Clifford, R.J.                             "History and Myth in Dan 10-12", BASOR 220: 23-26.

Clines, D.                                 Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Morgan, Marshall ¡® Scott, 1984.

Clouse, R.G. ed.                       The Meaning of the Millennium. IVP, 1977.

Cody, A.                                  Ezekiel. Michael Glazier, 1984.

Cook, S.A.                              "The Articles of Dress in Dan. 3: 21", Journal of Philology 26: 306-313.

Cooke, G.                                A Text Book of North Semitic Inscriptions. Oxford, 1903.

Collins, A.                                Schemes of Literary Prophecy Considered. London, 1927.

Collins, J.J.                               "An Apocalyptic Eschatology as the Transcendence of Death", CBQ 36:33-35.

Colloins, J.J.                             Daniel¡]The Form of the Old Testament Literature¡^Eerdmans, 1984.

Collins, J.J.                               Daniel, 1-2 Maccabees. Michael Glazier, 1981.

Collins, J.J.                               "Daniel and His Social World", Interpretation 39: 131-143.

Collins, J.J.                               "Apocalyptic Genre and Mythic Allusions in Daniel", JSOT 21: 83-100.

Coxon, P.W.                            "Greek Loan-Words and Alleged Greek Loan Translations in the Book of Daniel", in Transactions of Glasgow University Oriental Society 25: 24-40.

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James, F.                                  Personalities of the Old Testament. N.Y., 1939.

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¤T¡BÂø»x¡]­^¤å¡^

Paula Chin, "Mystics, Money and Power", Newsweek, July, 1987, 10-13.

"One for the Heart", Newsweek, June 29, 1987, 42-43.

"Saving Souls ¡Ð On a Ministry", Newsweek, July, 1987, 44.

"Taking Blame", Newsweek, July, 1987, 22.

¤åÄm

Enuma Elish

Song of Songs Rabbath

Midrash Psalms

Abot de Rabbi Natan A

 

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